• Affiris AG, of Vienna, Austria, initiated a global Phase I trial of its Parkinson's vaccine candidate, PD01A. The vaccine is directed against alpha-synuclein, a protein thought to cause the onset and progression of the disease, and it aims to educate the immune system to generate antibodies directed against the protein. The trial, being conducted in Vienna, involves up to 32 patients, with primary endpoints of safety and tolerability.