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Red Flag or Red Herring?
Alzheimer's Plaque Data Don't Hold Up, Behavioral Data Do
In 2012, researchers reported that in mice, treatment with Eisai Inc.'s lymphoma drug Targretin (bexarotene) could reverse the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. In a study published in Science, the authors reported that treating mice with the drug improved memories as well as social behaviors, and decreased levels of soluble A-beta. (See BioWorld Today, Feb. 13, 2012.)
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Sepsis Patients May Need Bigger Immune Response
Through the indirect targeting of toll-like receptors via their co-receptor, researchers have boosted the immune response to infection, and helped animals with experimentally induced sepsis fight off the bacteria that set off the septic response. Given that one effect of sepsis is massive hyperinflammation, the notion of helping sepsis patients by boosting their innate immune response might seem counterintuitive at best.
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No Working Kinase, but ErbB3 Acquires Oncogenic Mutations
The ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases is well known to drug developers. ErbB1, or EGFR, is the target of drugs such as Tarceva (erlotinib, Roche AG and Astellas Pharma Inc.), Iressa (gefitinib, AstraZeneca plc.), Vectibix (panitumumab, Amgen Inc.) and Erbitux (cetuximab, Eli Lilly and Co.) Roche drugs Herceptin (trastuzumab), Perjeta (pertuzumab) and Kadcyla (trastuzumab emtansine) target ErbB2, which also goes by HER2/neu.
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Fungal Protein Points Way to New Breast Cancer Treatments
LONDON – There may be a completely new way to block the estrogen receptor on breast cancer cells, which normally thrive on estrogen. Researchers working in the Netherlands have shown that blocking the receptor at that point reduces the growth rate of breast tumor cells. What is more, they have already found a small molecule that blocks the receptor.
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Short-lived Stem Cells Fight Brain Tumors, for a Time

The typical goal of stem cell therapies is to get the mature cells they produce to take up permanent residence in patients. But there is one therapeutic area where the opposite is true: Scientists are injecting stem cells that function as temporary drug delivery vehicles for brain tumors. "Over time, the cells tend to die off," noted Karen Aboody. But for this particular application, that lack of staying power is a strength, not a weakness.

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Exhausted T Cells Can Rally Given Right Circumstances
The immune system is able to kick out many viral invaders after a few days to weeks. But others can come to be in a permanent standoff with the immune system, controlled but not eliminated altogether. In chronic viral infection, CD8 "killer" T cells enter a state that has been called "exhausted." Such cells no longer produce cytokines to any appreciable effect, and many scientists thought they were incapable of dividing.
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Study Highlights New Target for Antidepressant Therapy
LONDON – The future development of a new class of antidepressants has edged closer, with the discovery of a molecular pathway that is fundamental to the development of depression. In depression, high levels of stress hormones such as glucocorticoids are linked to a reduced rate by which new brain cells develop – a process called neurogenesis.
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New Plasticity Mechanism
Adult Neurons Can Learn New Neurotransmitter 'Languages'
One of the most basic ways to classify neurons is by the transmitter they use to communicate. And that transmitter was long thought to be "immutable," Davide Dulcis told BioWorld Today. One dogma of neuroscience has long been that "no matter what you do to a neuron, once it's GABAergic, dopaminergic or what have you, it's not going to change for the rest of its life."
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Study Could Lead to Inhibitors for Multidrug Molecular Pump
A more detailed understanding of the workings of the membrane-bound pump that many bacteria use to eject antibiotics will, researchers hope, lead to ways of making bacteria once again susceptible to antibiotics that currently fail to kill them. The work should make it possible to solve the structure of the pump and, eventually, find ways to either block the pump's function, or to prevent the pump's being assembled.
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