The U.S. Administrative Procedures Act (APA) has proven controversial for device makers in that the associated requirements for rulemaking have been the subject of regulatory end-runs, by some accounts. The Department of Justice (DOJ) said in an Aug. 11 statement, however, that it is time to update the APA because the it has ossified in the 74 years since passage, while an attached report estimated that government regulation adds as much as $2 trillion in compliance costs to the economy every year.