Company* | University/ | Type Of | Product Area | Details (Date) |
| | ||||
AaiPharma | University of North Carolina | Technology transfer agreement | To facilitate the transfer of scientific discoveries by university researchers into medicines | Financial details were not disclosed (9/26) |
Actinium Pharmaceuticals | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Agreement | For alpha particle immunotherapy, which targets cancer cells | Actinium will provide supporting patent position for use of the short half-life alpha particle-emitting radioisotopes (10/2) |
Affymetrix | Whitehead Institute/MIT Center for Genome Research | Research collaboration | To use Affymetrix GeneChip technology to conduct cancer clinical studies | The collaboration is designed to standardize experimental procedures and further validate numerous studies demonstrating the power of expression data for cancer classification (9/16) |
Agencourt Bioscience | Emory University School of Medicine | Agreement | To provide its SeeSNP Discovery and Agen-TYPE Genotyping services for targeted identification and study of single nucleotide polymorphism markers with potential relevance to thrombosis risk | Researchers expect the technology to help them identify and study polymorphisms in several essential genes of the coagulation system (9/30) |
Alfacell | National Cancer Institute | Research collaboration | To evaluate Alfacell's Onconase as a radiation enhancer | Further details were not disclosed (9/19) |
Ambion | University of Massachusetts | Worldwide, exclusive research market license agreement | For a patent application focused on vector technology for expressing small interfering RNA | Financial terms were not disclosed (11/11) |
Anacor Pharma- | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency | Contract | To develop therapeutics to counter the effects of a biological attack | The contract is worth $21.6M (10/29) |
AngioGenex | Albert Einstein College of Medicine at Yeshiva University | Licensing agreement | For patented inventions focusing on Id2 research to treat and diagnose certain cancers | Further details were not disclosed (9/5) |
Applied | Institute for | Collaboration | To develop technologies and applications in proteomics | The institute plans to use Applied's 4700 Proteomics Analyzer with TOF/TOF Optics and the ICAT reagent technology (8/27) |
ARC Pharma- | McGill University (Canada) | Research agreement | To support the development of antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics for cancer, including melanoma | ARC has the right to an exclusive license for each technology developed through one collaboration (8/12) |
ARC Pharma- | University of British Columbia (Canada) | Exclusive licensing agreement | For the development and commercial sale of a class of anti-inflammatory compounds | ARC will provide the university with milestone and royalty payments in addition to equity in the company (11/1) |
Ariad Pharma- | WiCell Research Institute Inc. | Agreement | To allow scientists at academic and other non-profit centers to use Ariad's cell-signaling regulation technology to control the function and fate of WiCell's human embryonic stem cells | Ariad also gains an option to obtain licenses to available WiCell technology and patents to develop discoveries made in that area (9/17) |
Axonyx Inc. | University of Melbourne (Australia) | Research agreement | For a process targeted at identifying early biochemical events associated with beta-amyloid toxicity | The agreement is for three years (9/24) |
Axonyx Inc. | U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense | Extended agreement | To continue to study Axonyx's acetylcholin esterase- and butyryl- cholinesterase-inhibiting compounds for testing against chemical war- fare agents | The agreement is extended for two years (10/15) |
Biolog Inc.* | The Institute for Genomic Research | Licensing agreement | To characterize phenotypes of bacterial strains, including Salmonella typhimurium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Synechococcus sp. and Escherichia coli | Both parties will share certain intellectual property rights from new discoveries identified using the PM technology, and they will exclusively license any discoveries that have potential commercial applications (10/1) |
BioVex Ltd.* | U.S. Public Health Service | Worldwide patent license agreement | For exclusive use of human melanoma antigens MART-1 and gp100 in therapeutic cancer vaccines based on herpes virus vectors | The melanoma antigens will be used by BioVex in its therapeutic vaccine, ImmunoVEX tri-melan (9/24) |
Cangene | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Contract | To develop and supply a vaccinia immune globulin for use in treating and preventing reactions that may be brought on by the administration of the smallpox vaccine | The five-year contract calls for Cangene to supply a maximum of 100,000 doses (8/12) |
Cangene | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | Contract agreement | To develop a clinical- grade hyperimmune globulin to be used as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients with anthrax infection | The globulin would be used for preclinical studies and human compassionate use and safety testing (9/24) |
Cangene | Canadian government | Research and technology agreements | To improve Canada's readiness for chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear incidents | The first project will use Can- gene's knowledge in developing therapeutic antibodies for the Ebola and Marburg viruses, while the second project will test Cangene's Leucotropin to treat white blood cell damage resulting from radiation exposure; the project is being funded as part of a C$170M (US$108M) five-year program (9/17) |
Celera | University of California at San Francisco | Research agreement | For breast cancer studies with the goal of identifying genetic markers associated with the disease | The research activities will be funded in part by the UC Discovery Grant from the Industry- University Cooperative Research Program (11/7) |
Cellestis | Statens Serum Institut (Denmark) | Exclusive rights agreement | To use proteins specific to tuberculosis developed by Statens Serum Institut | The proteins will be used in a tuberculosis test developed by Cellestis (10/9**) |
Cel-Sci Corp. | Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center | Agreement | To evaluate Cel-Sci's compound, CEL-1000, for protection against herpes in a guinea pig vaginal model | CEL-1000 has shown high levels of protection against herpes simplex, malaria and cancer in animal testing (9/26) |
Cel-Sci Corp. | Naval Medical Research Center | Cooperative research and development agreement | To jointly evaluate a newly discovered small peptide, derG, for protective and therapeutic efficacy for malaria | The peptide induced responses that were 100% effective against malaria in a mouse model (9/18) |
Cerus Corp. | Army Medical Research acquisition activity division of the Department of Defense | Cooperative agreement | For continued development of technologies to improve the safety and availability of blood to use for blood transfusions | The agreement is worth $6.5M for Cerus to conduct research on inactivation of infectious blood-borne agents (9/26) |
Cerylid | Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute | Collaboration | To investigate anti-cancer drug leads | Cerylid will screen its library of natural products to identify inhibitors of protein kinases (10/29) |
Corgenix | Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry (Japan) | Technology license agreement | To develop a technology related to antiphospholipid antibodies and atherosclerosis | Corgenix gains an exclusive, worldwide license (except in Japan) to use the technology, based on the interaction of oxidized LDL with B2GPl and a method to determine human oxidized lipoproteins (10/2) |
Crucell NV | Johns Hopkins | Agreement | To conduct research on therapeutic human monoclonal antibodies for treatment of langerhans cell histiocytosis | Crucell identified a panel of fully human monoclonal antibodies that bind to LCH cells, which will be validated by Johns Hopkins in its LCH models (8/16) |
Crucell NV | Vaccine Research Center of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | Cooperative research and development agreement | For the development of vaccines for Marburg and Lassa infections | Crucell entered an agreement with NIAID in May 2002 to develop an Ebola vaccine (8/7); it signed a manufacturing contract in October for Ebola, Lassa and Marburg vaccines (10/14) |
Cyclis Pharma- | Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Licensing agreement | For exclusive, world- wide rights to technology from Beth Israel and Dana-Farber | The technology expands Cyclis' Activated Checkpoint Therapy platform (10/9) |
Debiopharm | University Henri Poincare (France) | Licensing agreement | For technology based on the formulation of microparticles prepared with blends of biodegradable and polycationic polymers to examine the feasibility of developing oral delivery of macromolecules | A feasibility study first will focus on low-molecular-weight heparin to identify the best parameters in terms of oral bioavailability and prolonged release for the active ingredient (10/24) |
De Novo Pharmaceuticals | Cancer Research Ventures Ltd. (UK) and the Northern Institute for Cancer Research at the University of Newcastle (UK) | Collaboration | To discover small- molecule inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction | De Novo will provide software to develop small-molecule inhibitors based on seed molecules provided by the institute (8/19) |
DiaDexus | Emory University | Collaboration | To further evaluate the biological role of Nox-1, a cancer target and enzyme known to convert oxygen into reactive oxygen | DiaDexus will have the exclusive right to develop and commercialize therapeutic and diagnostic products targeting or otherwise based on Nox-1 (9/9) |
DiaDexus | University of Michigan | Research agreement | To use proteomic technologies for the comprehensive analysis of cell surface membrane proteins to identify new drug targets and biomarkers useful for treating and diagnosing cancer | DiaDexus will provide research funding in exchange for the exclusive option to license intellectual property rights for resulting therapeutic and diagnostic products; the university will receive milestone and royalty payments based on products that result (9/4) |
DOR | University of Texas Medical Branch | Option agreement | To license patent applications covering the use of oral luminally active anti-inflammatory drugs, such as orBec, to treat irritable bowel syndrome | UTMB will test orBec in post-colitis animal models of functional bowel pain (9/26) |
EluSys | University of Texas at Austin | Collaboration | To test a complete anthrax antitoxin in animals for the first time | The collaboration is scheduled for one year, but can be extended (10/1) |
EluSys | U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command | Agreement | For the development of Heteropolymer technology against anthrax toxin | The government is funding $2.8M for the project (9/8) |
Emergent | University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center | Licensing agreement | For a recombinant chondroitin technology | ETI has formed a new company, Choncept LLC, to commercialize the technology of Paul DeAngelis, an associate professor at UOHSC (10/28) |
Epigenomics | Mayo Clinic | Agreement | To identify and validate a panel of DNA methylation-based markers to be applied in a test to improve the early detection of colorectal cancer | The Mayo Clinic will provide Epigenomics with samples of clinical materials from patient populations (11/5) |
Epimmune | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | Contract | To fund research aimed at developing a malaria vaccine | The contract is worth $3.5M for over five years (10/3) |
Ferring | Beth Israel | Agreement | To discover and develop drugs for osteoporosis | The agreement will focus on the role of the parathyroid hormone and its receptor in bone metabolism (10/31) |
First Genetic | International | Alliance | For First Genetic to be the exclusive provider of genetic banking systems and cancer genomes services for the consortium's initiative to sequence multiple | The consortium plans to establish a uniform system for obtaining, processing and characterizing human tumor samples and then build a publicly available database of gene expression in human cancer (9/5) |
Ganeden | Department of Defense | Agreement | For a topical strategy for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections in U.S. Marine Corps personnel | Preliminary studies will be conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of Ganeden's topical antifungal lotion (8/9) |
Genencor International | University of Leicester (UK) | Collaboration | To identify metabolic and genetic diversity as a source of new and valuable products | Genencor and the university will work with three other organizations to discover microbes, genes and enzymes from unique and remote Chinese environments in Inner Mongolia and Tibet (10/8) |
IGEN International | U.S. Department of Agriculture | Expanded agreement | To provide government regulatory agencies and commercial food processors with rapid methods to more accurately detect pathogens in public food and water supplies | The parties will work on the development of Origen-based tests for pathogens such as Vibrio and Staphylococcus aureus, and toxins such as botulism and Shiga toxin (9/30) |
Illumina Inc. | University of Cambridge (UK) | Agreement | To provide single nucleotide polymorph- ism genotyping services on a sample collection provided by the university's Cambridge Institute for Medical Research | Illumina will design functional assays for the SNP loci provided by CIMR, and then use its Bead-Array technology to genotype specified SNPs in the set of about 3,000 samples (8/27) |
Inhibitex | Biopharmaceutical Technology Center (Singapore) | Research collaboration | To jointly develop production cell lines and a cGMP manufacturing process for humanized monoclonal antibodies | The collaboration will merge certain technologies and know-how in an effort to more rapidly bring products to the market (9/18) |
Inspire | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics Inc. | Collaboration | To fund a Phase II study for INS37217 Respiratory to treat cystic fibrosis | Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Therapeutics will provide the majority of funding of external costs for the group study in exchange for post-commercialization milestone payments to be made following FDA approval (10/4) |
International Therapeutics | City of Hope National Medical Center | Research collaboration | To evaluate and characterize small interfering RNA molecules against HIV | International Therapeutics and the medical center will co-own the intellectual property resulting from the collaboration (10/17) |
Kaleidos | Division of AIDS at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | Research collaboration | To conduct a non- human primate study to evaluate the potential of Kaleidos' transforming growth factor alpha com- pound to increase CD4 T-cell counts in rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus | Further details were not disclosed (11/13) |
Kaleidos | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | Materials cooperative research and development agreement | To conduct primate studies to evaluate the potential of TGF-alpha in the treatment of Parkinson's disease | NIH researchers will obtain KPI's compound, transforming growth factor-alpha, to conduct the primate studies (9/24) |
KS Biomedex | Oxford University | Licensing agreement | For protein trimers to be used as the basis of a drug discovery program | KSB believes the trimers can be engineered so that one end binds tightly and specifically to cancer cells, while another will carry a radioactive isotope or other cytotoxic (10/2**) |
Kosan Bio- | National Cancer Institute | Cooperative research and development agreement | For the clinical development of 17-AAG and for the development of improved geldanamycin analogues | Kosan also received an exclusive license to the institute's portfolio covering these and related compounds (11/4) |
Lexrite | Stanford University and the University of California | Licensing agreement | For exclusive, world- wide rights to Lexrite's Pretargeting Technology | Further details were not disclosed (9/9) |
Marshall | Yale University School of Medicine's department of obstetrics and gynecology | Services agreement | For research screening cancer drugs for their ability to kill ovarian cancer cells, and to switch off a mechanism that ovarian cancer cells depend on for survival | Yale researchers found that Marshall's cancer drug, phenoxodiol, has an effect against ovarian cancer cells (8/27) |
Microscience | University System of Maryland | Licensing agreement | For access to the university system's Bactofection DNA vaccine technology that would make it possible to deliver DNA vaccines orally | Microscience will apply the rights acquired to the delivery of DNA from a live bacterial vector in all fields, except HIV antigens that have been retained by the university system (9/8) |
Morphochem | Fox Chase Cancer Center | Research collaboration | To develop new treatment for cancer | Collaboration will focus on progressing new compounds in the area of Ras pathway modulators toward the clinic (10/16) |
Nanospectra | University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Option agreement | For the right to license technology developed through its ongoing collaborations | M.D. Anderson received a minority equity interest in Nanospectra, which gained a right to license technology used in conjunction with its Nanoshell technology (9/25) |
Nanosphere | U.S. Government Technical Support working group | Contract | To apply Nanosphere's biomolecular detection system to the detection of biological warfare agents in various media | Nanosphere will optimize its platform into a field-deployable detection system that will test samples from water sources (10/3) |
Neurogenetics | University of California | Research agreement | To characterize a target linked to Alzheimer's disease | Further details were not disclosed (9/9) |
New Drug | University of Alabama | Licensing agreement | For technology that targets a lipoprotein remnant | The technology comprises a series of small peptides that mimic the function of Apolipoprotein E (9/10) |
Novuspharma | National Cancer Institute | Cooperative research and development agreement | To discover and develop small- molecule inhibitors of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha | Novuspharma will provide technical expertise and reagents for the development of biochemical assays targeting HIF-1 alpha (9/24) |
NuGEN | Genome Institute of Singapore | Research collaboration | To work together to advance NuGEN's amplification and labeling technology for gene expression profiling on GIS's custom-made oligonucleotide microarrays | NuGEN's SPIA amplification for gene expression profiling from very small RNA samples will be used in the discovery research programs (10/15) |
Optimer | Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center | Exclusive worldwide license | To a cancer vaccine already in clinical development | Optimer acquired the license and will oversee the commercialization of the Globo H vaccine (10/1) |
Orchid | Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York City | Contract agreement | For Orchid to continue the process of identifying victims of the World Trade Center terrorist attacks | About half of the 3,000 victims could not be identified through regular DNA testing; Orchid will use its single nucleotide polymorphism analysis technology to analyze remaining DNA samples (8/29) |
Oxford | FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | Cooperative research and development agreement | To identify serum protein biomarkers that could be useful in predicting and evaluating drug- induced toxicities | The FDA will begin a program to develop specific models of drug-induced histopathologic injury to the myocardium, vasculature and liver and will produce samples (9/19) |
Oxigene | The Foundation Fighting Blindness Inc. | Research agreement | To advance vision-related research of Combrestatin A4 Prodrug | The agreement is conditioned upon certain regulatory and institutional review board approvals (10/31) |
Paradigm | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences | Five-year contract | To use gene expression profiling to measure the physiological effects of a toxicant, drug or pesticide on an organism, using equipment, software and arrays by Agilent Technologies Inc. | The contract is worth $23.8M (10/1) |
Perlegen | University of Michigan, the University of Southern California, the National Public Health Institute of Finland and the National Human Genome Research Institute | Collaborative research and development agreement | To study the genetic basis of Type II diabetes | Perlegen will use human genetic variations it discovered and its high-density oligonucleotide array-based SNP genotyping capacity to assist researchers from around the world in intensifying their search for genes involved in the disease (10/28) |
PharmQuest | FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research | Cooperative research and development agreement | To develop a toxicology and carcinogenicity data management system | PharmQuest will collaborate to develop the database for animal data equipped with electronic submissions and software tools to assist reviewers in the evaluation of data (9/25) |
Phytomedics | Rutgers University | Research and licensing agreement | For work conducted at the Biotechnology Center for Agriculture and the Environment on Rutgers' Cook College campus | The five year, $4.3M agreement funds the work in exchange for the right to exclusively license resulting technologies and pro- ducts; Rutgers acquired about $1M in Phytomedics' stock (8/19) |
Progen | Australia's Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization | Agreement | To research, develop and manufacture new drugs | Early stage drug research may be directed to Progen; Progen can tap into the organization's process optimization knowledge (8/19) |
Progen | Unisearch (commercialization company of the University of New South Wales) | Exclusive licensing agreement | To license and develop a newly patented cancer therapy | The candidate, PI-166, is in late- stage preclinical development and has shown anticancer activity in laboratory and animal studies (9/18) |
Prometheus | National Public Health Institute | License agreement | For intellectual property related to two highly sensitive and specific DNA variations to a gene associated with adult-type hypolactasia | Agreement covers any and all applications of the technology and is exclusive worldwide with the exception of Finland, the Baltic States and Russia, where it is nonexclusive (10/10) |
ProSanos | Windber Research Institute | Partnership | To apply ProSanos' knowledge in data integration and analysis to information derived from the institute's array of biological samples | The companies initially will focus on heart disease (9/25) |
Psychiatric | Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center | Agreement | To provide tissue extracts from normal control schizophrenic and biopolar subjects | Psychiatric Genomics uses gene expression analysis of human tissues to develop small-molecule drugs to treat mental health disorders (8/20) |
Psychiatric | National Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology (Hungary) | Collaboration | To develop therapeutics to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder | Psychiatric Genomics will have exclusive access to brain tissue from individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, from which the company will determine patterns of gene expression to further its gene and drug discovery programs (9/17) |
Pyrosequencing | Harvard University | Exclusive license agreement | For access to nucleic acid technology that can be used in applications such as DNA sequencing | Pyrosequencing gains expanded rights to fluorescent nucleotide technology that can be used to analyze DNA in conjunction with Pyrosequencing's sequencing by synthesis technology or with other platforms (8/14) |
Q3DM Inc.* | The Scripps Research Institute | Access agreement | For certain biosensor technology | Q3DM gains access to the technology and plans to improve early error discovery in the drug development process (10/14) |
Regma Bio | Naval Medical Research Center | Cooperative research and development agreement | To explore the potential biological assets and capabilities of Regma regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of anthrax | The agreement also will focus on discovering and developing capabilities that build on existing strengths of both parties (8/22) |
Structural | National Institutes of Health | Agreement | To manage $18.1M over three years in a public-private venture focused on protein structure research | Structural GenomiX will share the funding with other New York Structural Genomics Research Consortium participants, including scientists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Columbia University, The Rockefeller University and the Weill Medical College of Cornell University (11/14) |
SurroMed | University of California at Davis | Agreement | To use SurroMed's technology in the search for biological markers of autism | SurroMed will analyze clinical samples from children with autism provided by the UC Davis M.I.N.D. Institute (11/4) |
Symyx | North Dakota State University | Purchase agreement | For four Symyx Discovery Tools modules | The school will use the units in the synthesis, analysis and evaluation of large numbers of polymers and coatings formulations (10/1) |
The Institute | National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute | Contract | To develop technology in the proteomics field | The contract, worth $19.8M, is meant to establish the institute as one of 10 centers nationwide for the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's long-term proteomics initiative (10/9) |
TransForm | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | License agreement | To strengthen and broaden TransForm's position in high-throughput pharmaceutical form and formulation | MIT provided TransForm with access to technology that will enable automated microscale dispensing of dry powder materials (10/7) |
U.S. | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency | Contract agreement | To examine the use of U.S. Genomics' direct linear DNA analysis technology to detect pathogens such as anthrax and smallpox | Contract is worth $449,500 (9/4) |
VaxGen Inc. | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | Contracts | To spur development of a new anthrax vaccine | The contracts total $22.5M through fiscal year 2003 (10/3) |
ViaCell | Massachusetts Institute of Technology | Licensing agreement | For dimerized fibroblast growth factor | The license includes rights to intellectual property covering dFGF and its use in treatment of all neurological disorders (8/14) |
Vion Pharma- | National Cancer Institute | Agreement | For Triapine development | NCI's Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program will sponsor trials of Triapine to further explore its activity as a single agent or in combination with other agents in patients with cancer (11/5) |
Virax Holdings | New York Blood Center | Development agreement | For treatments for hepatitis B virus infection | Virax will contribute its Co-X- Gene technology and viral vector knowledge to commercialize the blood center's HBV research; Virax will retain commercial rights to further develop the most promising leads (8/19) |
Viventia | The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Option agreement | For two hybridoma cell lines | Viventia licensed the lines, in which the first hybridoma produces antibodies that target ovarian and endometrial malignancies and the other targets squamous cell carcinomas (10/4) |
Viventia | University of Zurich (Switzerland) | Exercised option agreement | For a single-chain immunotoxin to be developed as a lead candidate for Viventia's Armed Antibodies targeted therapeutics platform | Viventia initially will develop and assess the therapeutic, VB4- 845, as a treatment for head and neck cancer (10/1) |
Vyrex Corp. | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | Cooperative research and development agreement | To use Panavir to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm in a primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage | Further details were not disclosed (8/14) |
Xeotron | Michigan State University | Research collaboration | To advance the study of microorganisms in the environment | Xeotron's microfluidic XeoChip platform will be used at MSU's Center for Microbial Ecology to understand and identify genetic alterations that enable microorganisms to be useful in bioremediation projects (10/16) |
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Notes: | ||||
This chart does not include grant agreements (unless they are also part of a larger collaboration) or agreements between biotech companies and clinical trial centers. | ||||
* Denotes privately held company. | ||||
** Denotes the date the item ran in BioWorld International. | ||||
@ Some institutions listed have for-profit components. They are located in the U.S. unless otherwise noted. | ||||
Unless otherwise noted, shares are traded on the Nasdaq exchange. | ||||
AMEX = American Stock Exchange; ASX = Australian Stock Exchange; LSE = London Stock Exchange; NYSE = New York Stock Exchange; OTC BB = Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board; SSE = Stockholm Stock Exchange; TSE = Toronto Stock Exchange | ||||
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