Tuojie Biotech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. has described lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) antagonists reported to be useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases, cancer, liver diseases, respiratory, renal, neurological, cardiovascular and eye disorders, among others.

Viva Star Biosciences Ltd. has synthesized lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1; EDG2) antagonists reported to be useful for the treatment of fibrosis, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), systemic scleroderma (systemic sclerosis) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.