DNA damage repair enzymes are interesting targets in cancer, since genomic instability and DNA repair defects are important cancer cell hallmarks. Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is the dominant eliminator of PARylation in the cell, the activity of which prevents excessive accumulation of PARylation, and promotes the dissociation of repair proteins, as well as ensuring the smooth completion of DNA repair process.

CCR8 is highly expressed on immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) in various solid tumors, making it a potential target to enhance antitumor immunity and the efficacy of cancer therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors. However, the impact of CCR8 expression on the Treg phenotype and its role in cancer progression remain unclear.

Current anticancer approaches, such as antibody or CAR T-cell therapies, rely on targeting tumor-associated antigens rather than tumor-specific antigens, with the consequent on-target, off-tumor effects.

Traditional neoantigen prediction methods primarily rely on HLA-peptide binding databases, often producing false positives. This challenge highlights the need for improved strategies to identify truly immunogenic neoantigens. Neoantigen-based cancer vaccines have shown promising efficacy in recent clinical trials for treating solid tumors, offering a potential solution.