Although it does not generally infect humans, a single mutation of the H5N1 virus in the highly pathogenic avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b could overcome this barrier and possibly trigger a pandemic. Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute have warned of this possibility after studying the three-dimensional structure of the viral hemagglutinin and seeing how a change in one amino acid would make it more suitable for the human cell receptor. The researchers stress the need to monitor new mutations of this virus in order to act quickly in case the global jump to our species occurs.

Researchers from the Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University) have identified novel antimicrobial molecules.

Researchers from Suzhou Siran Biotech Co. Ltd. presented the discovery and preclinical characterization of SA-1211, an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated siRNA dimer targeting both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and PD-L1 gene expression, being developed as a potential new therapeutic candidate for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Clostridioides difficile is a gram-positive bacteria that causes disease in persons with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and has been listed as an urgent threat due to the emergence of resistance.

Researchers from presented preclinical data for AVX-70371, a novel therapeutic vaccine being developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.

Researchers from the University of Washington are developing new antibiotics targeting bacterial methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS). This enzyme is responsible for charging tRNA(met) with methionine and integral to protein synthesis.