Spyre Therapeutics Inc. is off to a good start in its goal to create the best combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease, a group of chronic, relapsing autoimmune conditions of the digestive tract that encompasses Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. The Waltham, Mass.-based company estimates the market for IBD is currently at approximately $25 billion but will jump to around $40 billion in 2030.

The development of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, has been a game changer in the clinical management of overweight and obesity, but there is interpersonal variability in efficacy of these medications for weight loss, as well as in the incidence of undesired side effects. Investigators from the 23andMe Research Institute have shed some light on how variations in the GLP-1R and GIP receptor (GIPR) genes impact their effectiveness and the occurrence of side effects.

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2), predominantly expressed in bone marrow-derived cells or lymphoid tissues, is an essential regulator of immune homeostasis. TIPE2 acts as a key negative modulator of inflammatory signaling through the suppression of toll-like receptor (TLR) activity, with TIPE2-deficient mice exhibiting spontaneous systemic inflammation and premature death.