Iron regulates the metabolism of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and acts as a genetic control of their fate, preserving their identity and regenerative capacity during tissue maintenance and repair. A group of scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine has described the key components of a molecular pathway that iron regulates. “What we are proposing here with this mechanism is that iron serves like a switchboard and a sensor,” senior author Britta Will told BioWorld. Will is at the Department of Oncology, the Cell Biology Department, and the Ruth and David Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.
Reprogramming techniques to generate functional neurons could improve neurodegeneration in the future. A group of researchers from the Institute for Stem Cell Research (ISF) in Germany have found the pathways that play a role in improving the conversion of astrocytes into neurons.
The generation of in vitro small blood vessels mimicking the alterations of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) allowed a British research group to identify a way to seal leaks to treat conditions such as stroke or vascular dementia. The inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), enzymes that participate in the formation of new vessels, restored the normal union of the cells, preventing the permeability of the system.
Investigators at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have generated a chimeric monkey by injecting an embryonic stem cell into the morula, which is an extremely early embryo consisting of 16 to 32 cells. The animal survived for only 10 days, and it is not the first live birth of a chimeric primate. But it is the first such chimera with contributions from an embryonic stem cell, and that stem cell contributed a far higher proportion of cells in the newborn than have been achieved in previous attempts at creating chimeras.
Scientists at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health have developed a humanized kidney at the mesonephros stage in pig embryos up to day 28 of gestation. It is the first time that this has been achieved in chimeric xenotransplants.
It was believed that they did not exist, but they are a reality. Scientists at the Francis Crick Institute in London have discovered stem cells in the thymus for the first time. The last organ to have its role described in humans still has properties that researchers could explore to prevent the decline of the immune system throughout life.
Researchers have demonstrated that inhibiting mitophagy in ‘old’ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) completely restored their blood reconstitution capabilities, raising the prospect of addressing the age-related weakening of the immune system that stems from HSCs deteriorating over time.
One of the key advances in regenerative medicine has been the engraftment of external epithelial stem cells to supplement or replace damaged native cells. However, the difficulty in engrafting internal tissues has hindered the long-term rescue of diseased internal epithelia, such as those in the respiratory airways.
A study from Weill Cornell Medicine and The Jackson Laboratory has described the epigenetic mark SARS-CoV-2 left on immune system stem cells in the most severe cases of COVID-19 early in the pandemic, before the development of vaccines. In their work published in Cell on Aug. 18, 2023, the researchers presented a new methodology to analyze the epigenetic changes in monocytes and circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that give rise to monocytes. That allowed corresponding author Steven Josefowicz and his colleagues to see if there were already changes induced by COVID-19 before HSPCs differentiated into monocytes.
Colonization of the stomach by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori can cause gastric cancer by secreting the CagA oncoprotein. Now, a Japanese laboratory has discovered that CagA disrupted Wnt/PCP signaling and altered the polarity in which the squamous cells of the developing gastric epithelium are arranged, causing the hyperproliferation of the stem cells.