Company* |
University/ |
Type Of |
Product Area | Details (Date) |
|
| ||||
Abnova Corp.* |
European Molecular Biology Laboratory |
Collaboration |
For high-throughput monoclonal antibody production |
The partnership also provides a framework for a marketing collaboration in the area (11/9) |
Accelrys |
University of Cambridge (UK) |
Agreement |
They signed two deals that enable Accelrys to provide tools to researchers |
Accelrys will distribute new technology that builds on its CASTEP quantum mechanics product under the first deal; the second is an expansion allowing Accelrys to distribute the product until 2016 (11/2) |
Adherex |
National Cancer Institute |
Level III collaboration |
For clinical development of the company's lead compound, ADH-1 (Exherin) |
Following additional preclinical work, they will negotiate a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement under which the NCI would sponsor trials (3/11) |
Affymetrix |
Harvard Medical School |
Agreement |
Harvard gets early access to next-generation GeneChip human mapping microarrays |
The Partners HealthCare Center for Genetics and Genomics at Harvard will examine patient samples to research the genetic origins of atherosclerosis (2/16) |
Affymetrix |
Karolinska Institutet (Sweden) |
Alliance |
Five-year deal to accellerate the translation of basic genetic research into tools to improve health care |
Disease areas include atherosclerosis, breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and dyslexia; the institute is part of the Affymetrix Translational Medicine Initiative (2/8) |
Affymetrix |
Institut Curie (France) |
Alliance |
They will use GeneChip microarray technology in clinical trials to produce genetic signatures for cancer |
The institute will conduct the studies; the goal is to develop diagnostic tests, initally for prognosis of breast and eye cancers; terms were not disclosed (2/2) |
Affymetrix |
HUGO Pacific Pan-Asian SNP Initiative |
Sponsorship |
Scientists from across Asia will study the genetic diversity and similarity in Asia |
Affymetrix is co-sponsoring the work and providing microarray technology for the effort (11/18) |
Alfacell Corp. |
National Cancer Institute |
Collaboration |
To develop RN321, an anti-CD22/RNase immunoconjugate that already was the subject of collaborative work |
The B-cell-specific monoclonal antibody conjugated with Onconase will be studied further; Alfacell received an option for exclusive commercial development rights (11/19) |
Allos |
University of Colorado, University of Salford (UK) and Cancer Research Technology (UK) |
License agreement |
Allos got exclusive rights to RH1, a cancer agent in Phase I trials |
Allos will make an up-front payment and potential milestone and royalty payments in the deal; it will assume responsibility upon completion of the Phase I trial (12/16) |
Applied |
National Center for Toxicological Research of the FDA |
Collaboration |
Applied Biosystems will help investigate toxicity of diabetes drugs |
The company will use its Expression Array System and Rat Genome Survey Microarray on samples provided by the FDA/ NCTR; terms were not disclosed (3/9) |
Applied |
Stanford University and University of Miami |
Collaboration expansion |
They will continue studying genetic biomarkers associated with response in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
They also will begin studies to assess the predictive value of six genes on a certain chemotherapy regimen (1/10) |
Applied DNA |
Department of Energy |
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement |
To develop new tools for DNA analysis using Applied DNA security marker technology |
The work will be done with the DOE's laboratory in Idaho; terms were not disclosed (12/20) |
Aradigm |
Defence R&D Canada |
Agreement |
Deal for the aerosolized delivery of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin |
Defence R&D is funding development work at Aradigm, which will hold rights to resulting products (12/13) |
Ardana |
UK Medical Research Council |
Agreement extension |
Deal made in 2000 was extended for three years |
Ardana gets rights to certain areas of the MRC's Human Reproductive Sciences Unit, which would get cash payments if options are exercised (2/3) |
AVAX |
Presbyterian Medical Center |
Collaboration |
To conduct a trial of AVAX's AC Vaccine in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer |
Presbyterian Medical Center and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania will be exclusive partners and sites for the trial (2/22) |
AVI BioPharma |
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research |
Cooperative Research and Development Agremeent |
To examine AVI's anti- sense agents against dengue and other flavivirus infections |
The deal will involve AVI's Neugene technology; terms were not disclosed (12/21) |
Avidex Ltd.* |
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (Germany) |
Research collaboration |
Research will focus on immune effector molecules to NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors |
The collaboration is based on an Avidex soluble monoclonal T-cell receptor that targets the antigen; terms were not disclosed (3/14) |
Aviva Systems |
University of California at San Diego |
License agreement |
Aviva got rights to Gene Regulation Elements Mapping and Analysis technology |
The technology is used to detect DNA fragments that interact with proteins; terms of the exclusive license were not disclosed (1/31) |
Benitec Ltd. |
Garvan Institute of Medical Research (Australia) |
License agreement |
Benitec got rights to develop RNA-based drugs for diabetes, obesity and related disorders |
The work will focus on the c-Ccbl gene as a target; they also are discussing entering a collaboration in the area; terms were not disclosed (2/3) |
Biokine |
University of Kyoto (Japan) |
Product acquisition |
Biokine purchased all rights to T-140, a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist |
The product may have applications in inflammatory disorders, HIV and cancer; terms were not disclosed (3/1) |
BioLineRx |
Tel Aviv University and Bar Ilan University (both in Israel) |
License agreement |
BioLineRx licensed rights to BL-2010, a product for treating resistant cancer |
Terms of the deal were not disclosed (1/12) |
BioLineRx |
The Hebrew University (Israel) |
License agreement |
BioLineRx licensed BL- 050, an HIV therapeutic |
Terms of the deal were not disclosed (1/12) |
Bionomics Ltd. |
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (Australia) |
Collaboration |
Letter of intent for a drug discovery collaboration in the area of ion channels |
The goal is to identify new lead molecules for treating central nervous system disorders; terms were not disclosed (2/25) |
BioVeris |
National Research Council of Canada |
License agreement |
BioVeris got rights to vaccines candidates for group B streptococcus and B meningococcus vaccines |
BioVeris got worldwide rights to the vaccines, and will pay a royalty on sales, including a minimum $10,000 annual royalty that begins immediately (2/10) |
BioVeris |
Children's Hospital & Research Center at Oakland |
License agremeent |
BioVeris got rights to a vaccine candidate for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B |
BioVeris also will pay $800,000 over two years to sponsor research on the vaccine; BioVeris would pay upfront, milestone and royalty fees if it exercises its option (1/13) |
BioVeris |
Brooke Army Medical Center |
Collaborative Research & Development Agreement |
Deal to develop a Bioveris test for detecting markers of disease and progression |
BioVeris will be able to commercialize tests identified under the two-year agreement (1/5) |
Carrington |
Southern Research Institute |
Collaboration renewal |
They added one year to 2002 deal to develop drug- delivery technology based on the natural polymer GelSite |
The deal was made with Carrington subsidiary DelSite Biotechnologies Inc.; terms were not disclosed (2/15) |
Cell |
University of Vermont |
License agreement |
CTI got rights to a class of platinum-containing cancer drugs called bisplatinum compounds |
CTI at the same time gained similar rights from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.; both deals include milestone and royalty provisions (12/15) |
CeMines Inc.* |
The Children's Hospital of Denver |
Research project |
To improve the diagnosis and monitoring of childhood leukemia |
CeMines is sposoring the project, which is based on its Molecular FingerPrinting diagnostic process (1/27) |
ChemDiv Inc.* |
University of Maryland |
Collaboration |
Deal to discover drugs for treating breast cancer |
The university's Greenebaum Cancer Center gets access to ChemDiv libraries; ChemDiv also will provide medicinal chemistry services (1/18) |
ChemGenex |
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center |
License agreement |
ChemGenex licensed an anticancer platinum agent, now named CXS299 |
The agent is believed to have enhanced activity against cells that have the wild-type p53 gene; terms were not disclosed (2/9) |
Ciphergen |
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine |
Collaboration renewal |
They are working to discover novel protein biomarkers in the field of cancer |
Ciphergen will continue to provide financial support, technical assistance and access to technology platforms; it has rights to resulting discoveries (3/17) |
Ciphergen |
University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center |
Research and license agreement |
To use Ciphergen's technologies to further research in ovarian cancer |
Ciphergen division Ciphergen Diagnostics plans to refine biomarkers for use in an ovarian cancer diagnostic test (2/15) |
Ciphergen |
European Union-funded ADDNET consortium |
Collaboration |
Ciphergen Diagnostics will help develop diagnostics for kidney disease |
The plan, led by the University of Helsinki, is to move from biopsy-to urine-focused diagnostics; terms were not disclosed (12/15) |
Crucell NV |
International AIDS Vaccine Initiative |
Agreement |
Crucell will develop AdVac vectors for use in IAVI's AIDS vaccine development program |
Terms were not disclosed; earlier in 2004 they entered into an exclusive license deal to develop a vaccine based on AdVac (11/12) |
Crucell NV |
Netherlands Vaccine Institute |
Agreement |
To manufacture West Nile virus vaccine for use in human trials |
The vaccine will be made at NVI's new Biosafety Level 3 plant; terms were not disclosed (11/10) |
Cryptome |
University of Virginia |
License agreement |
Cryptome got an option to a class of protein-derived compounds with anti- inflammatory action |
Crytome has 12 months to exercise the option; the lead product is CR014, designed to prevent leakage of fluid through blood vessel walls (2/22) |
Cryptome |
University of Queensland's Institute for Molecular Biosciences |
Collaboration |
To identify potential candidates for treating cardiovascular diseases |
Cryptome will screen IMB libraries; terms of the deal were not disclosed (12/7) |
Diffusion |
New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy consortium |
Agreement |
NABTT will test Diffusion's trans sodium crocetinate as a radiation sensitizer |
NABTT will conduct Phase I and II clinical trials in two different patient populations (3/1) |
Diversa |
University of Hawaii |
License agreement |
The university got rights to a Diversa patent directed to sequencing DNA |
The nonexclusive research license covers identifying genes sequenced from environmental samples; terms were not disclosed (11/1) |
Elixir |
University of California |
License agreement |
Elixir got rights to SirT2 and SirT3, two members of the sirtuin family of deacetylases |
Sirtuins are related to the Sir2 gene, which is implicated in metabolic disorders; terms were not disclosed (12/16) |
Elixir |
Medical College of Georgia |
License agreement |
Technology related to NaCT-1, a human ortho- log of the longevity gene INDY |
Elixir gained rights to the technology under undisclosed terms (11/16) |
Emergent |
Health Protection Agency (UK) |
Collaboration |
Two-year deal to develop vaccines to prevent botulism |
Emergent will spend at least $2M on the project, and gets worldwide rights, except in the UK (1/14) |
Exact Sciences |
Johns Hopkins University |
License agreement |
They amended their exclusive license agreement to include the PIK3CA gene |
Exact will use the technology in connection with colorectal cancer screening from stool samples; terms were not disclosed (11/17) |
14TM Ltd.* |
National Institute on Drug Abuse |
Collaboration |
To design and synthesize compounds for treating drug abuse and dependency |
14TM will do the work in collaboration with UK-based Proteom Ltd.; terms of the deal were not disclosed (11/10) |
Genaissance |
Vanderbilt University |
License agreement |
Genaissance got rights to technology for screening patients for susceptibility to drug- induced cardiac arrhythmias |
The technology covers testing for the presence of a common polymorphism in KCNE1, a cardiac ion-channel gene; terms were not disclosed (1/26) |
GeneCopoeia |
RZPD (German genome research center) |
Distribution deal |
RZPD will distribute certain GeneCopoeia products in Europe |
The deal includes GeneCopoeia's seven sets of 16,000 human OmicsLink ORF expression clones; terms were not disclosed (2/9) |
Genencor |
Public Health Service and the National Cancer Institute |
License agreement |
Genencor got rights to two recombinant immunotoxin proteins, BL22 and HA22 |
Genencor is assuming development responsibility for the products, one of which is in the clinic and the other at the IND stage; terms were not disclosed (12/9) |
Generex |
Emory University and Imperial College of London |
Collaborations |
Deal to develop a smallpox vaccine based on using modified peptide antigens to stimulate immunity |
Generex subsidiary Antigen Express will work with scientists at the universities; terms were not disclosed (2/10) |
GenoMed Inc. |
University of Liverpool (UK) and Tohoku University (Japan) |
Collaboration |
University scientists will test the company's treatment for prion diseases |
The tests will be conducted in animal models; terms were not disclosed (12/1) |
Genta Inc. |
Temple University |
License agreement |
Genta acquired an antisense compound (LR3001) that targets c-myb |
Genta acquired worldwide rights to the product that targets an oncogene; terms were not disclosed (12/3) |
GenVec Inc. |
National Institutes of Health |
License agreement |
GenVec got rights to use pigment epithelium-derived factor for all ocular indications |
Terms of the exclusive, worldwide license were not disclosed (11/30) |
Geron Corp. |
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology |
Alliance |
They formed a company to use telomerase activation to restore function in certain aged or diseased tissues |
Geron and the university's Biotechnology Research Corp. established TA Therapeutics Ltd. in Hong Kong; each owns 50% of the new company (3/2) |
GMP Companies |
Mayo Medical Laboratories |
License agreement |
Mayo will use GMP technology for gene-based testing |
The deal was made with GMP Genetics Inc.; terms were not disclosed (1/27) |
Golden Hand |
Tel Aviv University (Israel) |
License agreement |
For differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells into functional neuronal-like cells |
Golden Hand paid an initial license fee and R&D installment to the university; further terms were not disclosed (11/9) |
Hemispherx |
U.S. government- sponsored laboratories |
Collaboration |
For further studies of Hemispherx's Alferon N against avian infleunza |
Details of the work were not disclosed (2/7) |
Icoria Inc. |
U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center |
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement |
To identify and validate biomarkers associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents |
The deal runs through October; contingent on future funding, they may conduct additional studies and develop a prototype blood-based field assay (1/27) |
Immuno- |
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research |
R&D agreement |
For development of a cancer vaccine containing the KSA antigen |
Walter Reed will produce the vaccine, collect and analyze preclinical data, and validate the product for clinical use under a three-year deal (11/8) |
Innovive |
Penn State University |
License agreement |
Innovive got worldwide rights for the use of opioid growth factor in oncology applications |
OGF, also known as (Met5)-enkephalin, will be developed under the name INNO-105; terms of the deal were not disclosed (3/17) |
Insmed Inc. |
University of California at San Francisco |
Option agreement |
Insmed got an option to use IGF-1 receptor antagonists to treat prostate cancer |
Research on the compounds will complement an existing Insmed program; terms of the deal were not disclosed (3/17) |
Inspire |
Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation |
License agreement |
Inspire exclusively licensed patents for use in developing products to treat glaucoma |
Inspire will make an up-front payment and pay potential milestones and royalties on sales of the cytoskeleton- targeting drugs (11/4) |
Invitrogen |
The Mayo Clinic |
Collaboration |
To discover and develop high-content biomarkers in cancer and general laboratory medicine |
Invitrogen will provide financial and research support for multiple discovery programs, and will have an option to license resulting technology (12/6) |
Ipsogen* |
Cleveland Clinic |
Agreement |
To identify molecular markers in early stage breast cancer |
Ipsogen's gene expression profiling technology will be used in an effort to create personalized treatment approaches; terms were not disclosed (10/27) |
Kalypsys Inc.* |
Los Alamos National Laboratory |
Technology transfer agreement |
Kalypsys will provide the lab its high-throughput protein expression and purification technologies |
The DOE laboratory will use the technology in climate stabilization, clean energy production and bioremediation; terms were not disclosed (11/30) |
Kereos Inc.* |
Washington University |
Extended collaboration |
For development of ligand- targeted products for treating unstable plaque |
The extension was disclosed at the same time as the university's $7.3M grant for the work from the the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (11/18) |
Lipomics |
Cure Autism Now |
Collaboration |
To conduct a biomarker study in children with autism and related disorders |
Lipomics will produce lipomic profiles for the effort; terms were not disclosed (12/15) |
Lumera Corp. |
Institute for |
Collaboration |
To develop a high- throughput platform for proteomics research |
Terms of the deal were not dis- closed (2/14) |
Medical |
King's College London |
License agreement |
Their joint venture, Viratis, licenced a hepatitis therapy that uses ribozyme technology |
Details of the deal were not disclosed (3/4) |
Medical |
King's College London and Queen Mary University |
License agreement |
Technology for autoimmune diseases was added to their Viratis joint venture |
MMI's stake in Viratis will increase to 72% as it provides further development funding (2/3) |
Medicure Inc. |
University of Manitoba and University of Ottawa Heart Institute (Canada) |
License agreements |
Medicure acquired rights to a technology platform focused on development of lipid-lowering therapeutics |
Medicure and the researchers will advance the platform; Medicure gets worldwide rights (1/27) |
Metabolon Inc.* |
High Q Foundation |
Collaboration |
They will perform a biomarker study for Huntington's disease |
Metabolon will test plasma samples obtained from patients; they want to find markers to diffferentiate controls and disease (1/19) |
MicroIslet |
Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research |
Supply agreement |
Mayo will supply Designated Pathogen-Free pigs to MicroIslet for use in development of MicroIslet-P |
The product entails use of porcine islets in diabetes; the agreement is exclusive in diabetes during the deal, and could lead to a long-term supply agreement (3/15) |
MicroIslet |
University of Alberta (Canada) |
Expanded collaboration |
For work on human islet cell transplantation therapies for treating diabetes |
MicroIslet will provide support for animal studies using its encapsulation technologies (12/16) |
Millenia Hope |
University of West Virginia |
License agreement |
Millenia acquired all rights to the Phase III product tetrandrine |
The drug is being developed for malaria and cancer applications; the deal was made with the inventor at the university (2/11) |
Nanobac Life |
University of South Florida |
Collaboration |
For research related to the prevalence and implications of nanobacteria in environmental samples |
The focus is on water distribution systems and possible treatment methods; terms were not disclosed (2/4) |
Nanogen Inc. |
University of California at San Diego |
Funding support |
Nanogen is supporting the nanotechnology research of one of its founders |
Nanogen is providing $300,000 over two years to explore use of electric field-based technology (12/1) |
Narhex Life |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |
Collaboration |
They will evaluate the protease inhibitor Nar DG 35 Prodrug |
Narhex's drug will be studied for actvity against hepatitis C and the SARS virus (1/11) |
Nastech |
University of Cincinnati |
License agreement |
For patents and applications covering analogues of Peptide YY, for appetite-control applications |
Nastech acquired exclusive worldwide rights to peptide derivatives in exchange for up-front payments and potential milestones and royalties (11/23) |
Novasite |
The Stanley Medical Research Institute |
Alliance |
SMRI will fund research and provide guidance in schizophrenia research at Novasite |
Novasite is working on allosteric modulator drugs acting on a validated G protein-coupled receptor target (12/6) |
NuGEN |
AMDeC Foundation |
Agreement |
NuGEN will provide RNA amplification systems to AMDeC member institutions |
AMDeC promotes biomedical research in New York; terms of the deal were not disclosed (3/9) |
OncoMethylome |
City of Hope Cancer Center |
License agreement |
The company licensed a patent for measuring DNA methylation of the RASSF1A gene |
Terms of the exclusive license were not disclosed; the technology will be used for diagnosis and prognosis of cancers (10/21)# |
Osteotech |
Rutgers University |
License agreement |
Osteotech got rights to a polymer class for use as part of its Plexus technology |
Rutgers get $50,000 up front and up to $650,000 in milestone payments, as well as license fees and royalties on sales (2/3) |
OXIS |
Various scientists and laboratories |
Collaboration |
To develop an oxidative stress paradigm to diagnose early onset of human and animal diseases |
OXIS intends to develop diagnostic biomarkers for a number of diseases, working with specialists in the disease areas (1/12) |
PamGene |
Netherlands Proteomics Centre |
Collaboration |
To further develop technology for proteomics research |
The work will focus on functional proteomics; details were not disclosed (3/8) |
Peregrine Pharmaceuticals Inc. (PPHM) |
New Approaches to Brain Tumor Therapy Consortium |
Collaboration |
To initiate a registration trial of Cotara to treat recurrent glioblastoma multiforme |
The trial of Peregrine's product will be partially funded by NABTT through a National Cancer Institute grant (11/9) |
Perligen |
University of Cambridge, Cancer Research Technology and Cancer Research UK (all in the UK) |
Collaboration |
To conduct a whole-genome association study on breast cancer |
Cancer Research UK is funding the work, which will determine more than 200 million individual genotypes in DNA samples collected from patients (2/16) |
Prolexys |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
License agreement |
Prolexys got rights to a series of small molecules with cancer-specific cytotoxic properties |
MIT acted as licensing agent for Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Columbia University; terms were not disclosed (2/23) |
Reata |
Dartmouth College and the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center |
License agreement |
Reata got rights to a class of cancer drugs based on compounds from medicinal plants |
The exclusive worldwide license covers RTA 401 (CDDO) and its analogues; terms of the deal were not disclosed (11/1) |
Resverlogix |
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center |
Collaboration |
They will work on Resverlogix's Nexvas compounds for treating cardiovascular diseases |
The work is being done with atherosclerosis researcher Prediman Shah; terms were not disclosed (1/26) |
Sareum |
Cancer Research Technology Ltd. (UK) |
Collaboration |
Sareum will provide computational chemistry expertise to support CRT discovery programs in cancer |
The six-month deal will operate on a fee-for- service basis; terms were not disclosed |
Sigma-Aldrich |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Agreement |
Sigma-Aldrich will serve as scientific collaborator and distribution partner of The RNAi Consortium |
The consortium based at The Broad Institute includes seven research institutions and four commercial partners; its goal over three years is to create a library of RNAi reagents (3/15) |
Sinovac |
China Centre of Disease Control and Prevention |
Development agreement |
They will work together to develop an avian flu vaccine |
Sinovac will have commercial rights to resulting products (12/16) |
Somaxon |
University of Miami |
License agreement |
Somaxon got rights to a patent on the use of oral nalmefene hydro- chloride for treating nicotine dependence |
The deal extends the scope of rights for Somaxon, which previously licensed rights from BioTie Therapies Corp. (2/22) |
U.S. BioDefense |
University College London |
License agreement |
U.S. Bio got a 90-day option to hepatic stem cell sorting and enrichment technology |
The technology will be evaluated for therapeutic repopulation of stem cells in liver disease (2/23) |
U.S. BioDefense |
Undisclosed university |
Option agreement |
U.S. Biodefense will evaluate an adult stem cell sorting and enrichment technology |
The option is expected to be exercised in June, when further details would be disclosed (1/25) |
VistaGen |
Mount Sinai School of Medicine |
License agreement |
VistaGen licensed embryonic stem cell technology for use in diabetes research |
Terms of the exclusive, worldwide license were not disclosed (11/4) |
Xenova Group |
Cancer Research Technology Ltd. (UK) |
License agreement |
CRT got rights to TA-CIN, which is being developed for treating cervical dysplasia |
CRT intends to initiate further trials, and to sublicense the vaccine; they would share revenues from licensing deals (1/10) |
ZGene A/S* |
Akademikliniken AB (Sweden) |
Patent acquisition |
The patent covers the use of a deoxyribo-nucleoside kinase gene from the fruit fly |
The technology will be used by ZGene in cancer applications; terms were not disclosed (11/4) |
Ziopharm |
Southern Research Institute |
Collaboration |
Two-year deal to develop a series of isophosphoramide mustard analogues |
Ziopharm also got an option to exclusive worldwide rights on the alkylating agents (1/7) |
Zyentia Ltd.* |
Institute of Biomedical Research (Spain) |
Collaboration |
To identify compounds that interfere with aggregation of the protein alpha-synuclein |
The goal is to develop oral compounds that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, for treating Parkinson's disease (11/17) |
| | ||||
Notes: | ||||
This chart does not include grants or contract awards, or agreements between biotech companies and clinical trial centers. | ||||
* Denotes privately held company. | ||||
@ Some institutions listed have for-profit components. They are located in the U.S. unless otherwise noted. | ||||
# Item occurred before the time frame of this chart, but was not included in the previous chart. | ||||
Unless otherwise noted, shares are traded on the Nasdaq exchange. | ||||
AIM = Alternative Investment Market; AMEX = American Stock Exchange; ASX = Australian Stock Exchange; LSE = London Stock Exchange; NYSE = New York Stock Exchange; OTC BB = Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board; TSE = Toronto Stock Exchange. | ||||
