Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most prevalent acquired valve heart disorder in aging populations. Its most severe form in aortic valve stenosis (AVS), with an average survival of 2-3 years once symptoms appear. The early diagnosis of AVS based on circulating biomarkers is crucial to label high-risk patients before they progress to the severe form.
Bladder cancer is among the 10 most frequent cancers around the world. While potentially effective treatments exist, they do not benefit all patients, so investigators continue to search for new targets. Researchers at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital have identified sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1) as a potential therapeutic target.
Colorectal cancer is among the most common malignant tumor types and the second leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8-like protein 2 (TIPE2) is a protein member of the TIPE family and highly expressed in immune cells. The prognostic impact and the relationship with tumor immunity of TIPE2 plus other immune markers such as CD8, CD20 and CD66b were evaluated in colorectal cancer by researchers from First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and collaborators.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for a substantial proportion of all breast cancers and is the most aggressive form of the disease. Identifying potential therapeutic targets is critical because the cancer does not express the three surface receptors recognized by current targeted therapies.
In a recent study in the Journal of Translational Medicine, researchers from Azrieli Research Center (Canada) and collaborating institutions hypothesized that the dysregulation of SMPDL3B may be involved in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) progression, and investigated its role and clinical relevance in ME pathophysiology.
Deep learning tools for protein design can also be used to create molecules that bind to them. Certain peptides, such as intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), are challenging to target due to their variable nature. However, scientists from the lab of Nobel laureate David Baker have developed a method to generate binders for IDPs by searching the world’s largest protein database with their AI-powered tool RFdiffusion.
Researchers from the Cleveland Clinic and National Institutes of Health investigated the role of the neurobeachin (NBEA) gene in predicting weight loss response to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.
In a recent publication, researchers from The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (China) and collaborators investigated the association between phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) expression in thyroid cancer tissues and clinicopathological features, postoperative recurrence and prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). These observations may help advance clinical assessment and provide references for intervention strategies.
Collaborators in Australia, South Africa, Sweden and the U.K. have linked reduced levels of neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) in maternal or placental blood to greater risk of fetal growth restriction
in newborns and of preeclampsia in the mothers, based on analysis of various cohorts of patients from several countries.
Thoracic aortic dissection can progress to a highly lethal cardiac emergency, but it cannot usually be detected in early stages, so suitable biomarkers of progression are needed. Levels of C-reactive protein in serum rise during progression, but they also rise in infectious or autoimmune conditions, making the biomarker nonspecific.
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