Lung cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide, and it accounts for 18% of all cancer-related deaths. Most cases of lung cancer involve non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can improve prognosis, yet up to 75% of patients fail to respond to it. Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College have identified potential metabolic markers that may help predict which patients are more likely to respond to ICI therapy.
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer remains a major challenge even with well-defined treatment options. The identification of reliable markers for early detection of the disease is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
A publication based on longitudinal and cross sectional data and led by researchers at the U.S. NIH’s National Institute on Aging published on June 5, 2025, in Science has stated that the impact of taurine supplementation at delaying aging or treating aging-related conditions is context-dependent, and that the circulating levels of taurine are impacted by factors unique to each individual rather than declining with age. To qualify taurine as a true marker of aging, it should change with age across diverse populations over time and ideally supported by longitudinal data.
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for about 2% of all cancers and 1.9% of cancer-related deaths globally. OSCC is characterized by local invasiveness and lymph node metastatic ability, making it a very malignant cancer.
Researchers have discovered that reduced expression of the free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4) is a biomarker of podocyte injury and aging, as well as a therapeutic target. Podocyte injury leads to progression of glomerular disease and aging, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.
Astrocytes are crucial for brain homeostasis and synaptic activity under healthy conditions, and are activated during neuroinflammation, neural damage and neurodegeneration, such as in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
An international group of scientists has completed the first draft of The Pan-Cancer Proteome Atlas (TPCPA). The project is based on mass spectrometry of 22 cancer types, which has identified more than 9,000 proteins from 1,000 tumors. The results reveal which proteins allow for the classification of different cancer types, biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets, which are now available to the entire scientific community.
The polarization of macrophages is crucial in modulating the tumor microenvironment and impacting cancer development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as key regulators in this process.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to lack of effective diagnosis at early stages and limited comprehension of its pathogenesis, thus limiting the development of effective treatments.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer that arises from the intrahepatic biliary epithelium or extrahepatic bile ducts. Apart from genetic mutations, epigenetic changes are also contributing to cancer development, making DNA methylation and histone modification focus for cancer research.
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