Brain plasticity has been postulated to be mainly mediated by neurons. Now, investigators led by Nathalie Rouach at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College De France have demonstrated the role of astrocytes in mediating brain plasticity.

Sirtuins, which are a highly conserved family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, have been shown to be involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including aging, energy responses to low calorie availability and stress resistance, as well as apoptosis and inflammation.

Investigators led by Russell Pieper at University of California, San Francisco have discovered that ALT-associated tumors are hypersensitive to a subgroup of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.

Using advanced intravital microscopy to visualize immune cell movement within the tissues, investigators at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne have discovered that noradrenaline causes a dramatic paralysis of immune cell movement.

Using advanced intravital microscopy to visualize immune cell movement within the tissues, investigators at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne have discovered that the neurotransmitter noradrenaline produced by the sympathetic nervous system causes a dramatic paralysis of immune cell movement.

Using advanced intravital microscopy to visualize immune cell movement within the tissues, investigators at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne have discovered that the neurotransmitter noradrenaline produced by the sympathetic nervous system causes a dramatic paralysis of immune cell movement.

The skeleton undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life in response to diverse environmental stimuli. Osteoclasts, which are specialized cells on the bone surface, break down old bone tissue (in a process known as bone resorption) and build it back up. Dysregulation of osteoclast formation and function can lead to bone fragility, including osteoporosis, which is estimated to affect over 10 million people globally.

Aging, which is associated with various pathologies such atherosclerosis and cancer, is characterized by an accumulation of senescent cells. Cellular senescence blocks cell proliferation, but it decreases the health of the old by littering tissues with dysfunctional senescent cells.

Investigators at Edinburgh University have discovered that the stem cell transcription factor SALL4 can recognize and bind to short AT-rich motifs across the genome and downregulate genes that are present in AT rich regions.

Investigators at Leeds University have discovered that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-36gamma acts as a global early sensor of pathogenic invasion and discriminator of pathogenic and harmless microbes.