Both neutralizing antibodies and antibody effector functions are needed for protection against re-infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which may explain why it has been challenging to design an effective vaccine against the virus. As reported in the Dec. 12, 2022, issue of Cell, researchers carried out a human challenge study where volunteers were given a candidate vaccine for RSV, Ad26, or placebo.

A computational platform that used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data could quickly predict the best chemical compounds to use to convert cells from one type into another for use in research or cell therapies. The work, published in the Nov. 17, 2022, issue of Stem Cell Reports, was a collaboration between the lab of Hongkui Deng, a professor and director of the Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation at Peking University in Beijing, and the lab of Antonio del Sol, a professor at the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine at the University of Luxembourg.

Israeli researchers have created cell lines, using cells donated by an individual with Klinefelter syndrome, that had different combinations of sex chromosomes but were otherwise isogenic. As reported in Stem Cell Reports on Nov. 24, 2022, lead investigator Benjamin Reubinoff, a clinician and professor in obstetrics and gynecology at Hadassah Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and team used cells donated from a mosaic Klinefelter syndrome patient to create the cell-based model. Patients with Klinefelter syndrome appear male, but have an extra X chromosome.

Researchers based at the City University of New York (CUNY) have designed a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model that can improve preclinical predictions of drug responses in humans. As outlined in the Oct. 17, 2022, online issue of Nature Machine Intelligence, the researchers believe their model – a context-aware deconfounding autoencoder (CODE-AE) – can help improve the quality of early drug response prediction and help reduce subsequent clinical trial failures.

Researchers based at the City University of New York (CUNY) have designed a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model that can improve preclinical predictions of drug responses in humans. As outlined in the Oct. 17, 2022, online issue of Nature Machine Intelligence, the researchers believe their model – a context-aware deconfounding autoencoder (CODE-AE) – can help improve the quality of early drug response prediction and help reduce subsequent clinical trial failures.

A protein called apoptosis inhibitor 5 (API-5) protects intestinal Paneth cells, which are disrupted in Crohn’s disease, and could lead to a new treatment for the inflammatory bowel disease. Writing in the Oct. 5, 2022, online issue of Nature, Ken Cadwell, a professor of microbiology at New York University Grossman School of Medicine, and colleagues described testing the protein in a mouse model and in gut organoids with good results. Crohn’s disease is one of two key autoimmune diseases that affect the gut, the second of which is ulcerative colitis. Combined, inflammatory bowel diseases affect around 3 million people in the U.S. While there is currently no cure for these conditions, there are monoclonal antibody therapies available.

A new generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies with advanced functions could hold the answer to improved safety and efficacy for these effective but potentially dangerous cancer therapies, shows research led by Boston University. The scientists showed it is possible to add ‘on’ or ‘off’ switches to CAR T cells, which can be activated using oral drugs with a known safety profile.