Company*
(Country; Symbol)

University/
Nonprofit@

Type Of
Agreement

Product Area

Details (Date)


454 Life
Sciences Corp.*

Malaysian Genomics Resource Centre

Collaboration

To apply high- speed DNA sequencing and bioinformatics technologies for the characterization of tropical organisms and diseases

454 and MGRC will apply the high-throughput Genome Sequencer FLX System to bio- informatics projects in Malaysia (5/7)

Advalytix AG*
(Germany)

Medical University of Graz (Austria)

Collaboration

On prenatal diagnostic technologies

They are testing a new method for the genetic analysis of fetal cells from maternal blood, using Advalytix's non-invasive AmpliGrid technology (5/29)

Advanced Cell
Technology
Inc.
(OTC
BB:ACTC)

Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation

Expanded, nonexclusive commercialization agreement

For the use of human embryonic stem cells to develop human therapies

The agreement gives the company access to an additional 150 stem cell technology patents and patent applications (5/3)

Adventrx
Pharmaceuticals
Inc.
(AMEX:ANX)

Department of Veterans Affairs

CRADA

To participate in a Phase III trial of ANX-510 (CoFactor) to treat metastatic colorectal cancer

The primary endpoint for the study is progression-free survival (5/24)

Affymetrix
Inc.
(AFFX)

30 European cancer researchers

Collaborations for cancer research program

Program will provide financial support and GeneChip products to cancer researchers at universities, research institutes and medical centers

Studies could generate detailed genetic profiles of certain tumor types, and the information could be used to create molecular diagnostics arrays for testing tissue samples from patients at risk for or suspected of having that particular type of cancer (4/17)

Affymetrix
Inc.
(AFFX) and
Illumina Inc.
(ILMN)

National Genome Research Network (Germany)

Agreement

To use Affymetrix's and Illumina's technologies in a project looking at the underlying causes and developing treatments for 25 complex diseases

The diseases include Alzheimer's, epilepsy, heart disease, malaria and Parkinson's disease (4/26)

Akesis Pharmaceuticals Inc. (OTC BB:AKES)

University of British Columbia (Canada)

License agreement

Akesis got exclusive rights to BEOV, a vanadium compound targeting Type II diabetes

The product, which has been in Phase I trials, is now called AKP- 020; terms of the deal were not disclosed (3/19)

Alnylam
Pharmaceuticals
Inc.
(ALNY)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Cancer Research

Agreement

Focused on the delivery of RNAi therapeutics

Alnylam will provide research funding for about 10 post- doctoral researchers annually over the five-year term (5/9)

Anaptys
Biosciences
Inc.*

UK Medical Research Council and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University

Exclusive license agreement

To somatic hypermutation (SHM) technologies

SHM is a natural process for generating antibody diversity to fight disease, and Anaptys' Omnitrope-SHM System uses the components of SHM to enable the rapid variation and functional selection of evolved proteins and enhanced bio-activities (5/15)

Anavex Life
Sciences
Corp.*

Paris 5 University-Rene Descartes (France)

Research agreement

To investigate the neuroprotective action of the company's tetrahydrofuranic compound ANAVEX 19-144 in transient focal cerebral ischemia animal models

The program involves a study of the effects of the drug on mean arterial blood pressure and a main study on cerebral ischemia (4/2)

Avera
Pharmaceuticals
Inc.*

Cornell University

Licensing agreement

For AV002, a neuro-muscular blocking compound, and for a reversal agent

Avera gained worldwide rights to the two compounds in exchange for undisclosed upfront, milestone and royalty payments (3/21)

AVI BioPharma
Inc.
(AVII)

Department of Defense

Contracts

Three contracts to use Neugene antisense technology to develop therapeutics against Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and ricin toxin

The contracts are worth a combined $7.1M (5/7)

Aviva Systems
Biology*

Institute for Systems Biology

Collaboration

To develop antibodies for liver toxicity biomarker discovery

Terms of the deal were not disclosed (5/9)

Bavarian
Nordic A/S
(Denmark; CSE:BAVA)

Department of Health and Human Services

Contract

HHS will buy 20 million doses of Imvamune for the strategic national stockpile

The deal for the smallpox vaccine could be worth $500M for Bavarian Nordic (4/16)

BG Medicine*

The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Collaboration

Aimed at improving the treatment of breast cancer

BG will apply its biomarker discovery technology to the analysis of clinical samples provided by the cancer center (5/9)

Beacon Sciences
LLC*

University of Texas

Licensing agreement

For a chemistry platform consisting of chemiluminescent assays that use supra molecular recognition chemistry

The assays are compatible with a wide variety of compounds including non-immunogenic metals, cations and anions (4/10)

BG Medicine*

Multiple Sclerosis Research Center

Collaboration

To discover biomarkers of MS disease activity and biomarkers of efficacy and safety for a currently marketed MS treatment

BG Medicine has commercial rights and MSRC is entitled to undisclosed payments (5/16)

BioBase GmbH*
(Germany)

European Union

Research contract

To develop technology to analyze complex disease mechanisms

The contract is for three years and is worth €3M (US$4M); it is called Net2Drug and has a goal of creating a toolbox integrating cutting-edge bioinformatics, chemo-informatics and experimental methods to identify potential therapeutic targets (3/27)

BioLineRx
Ltd.*
(Israel)

Yissum Research Development Co. of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd.

Worldwide, exclusive license agreement

To develop and commercialize BL-4020, a peptide for inflammatory diseases

Financial terms were not disclosed (3/21)

BioTrove Inc.*

Center of Molecular Orthopedics at Harvard Medical School and the Department of Orthopedics at Brigham & Women's Hospital

Agreement

To investigate human cellular response to chemical weapons, as well as adult stem cell differentiation, using the BioTrove Open-Array technology platform and OpenArray NT Cycler

Researchers will use the technology to explore an approach to pathogen detection, and to conduct stem cell research with the goal of identifying genes responsible for differentiation (4/17)

Carrington
Laboratories
Inc.*

International Vaccine Institute (South Korea)

Collaboration

To evaluate DelSite's GelSite polymer drug delivery technology for sublingual vaccines

DelSite will formulate vaccine antigens supplied by IVI for sublingual delivery; IVI will conduct animal testing; they would jointly own resulting products (3/28)

Chembio
Diagnostics
Inc. (OTC BB:CEMI)

Infectious Disease Research Institute

Research and development agreements

To develop rapid diagnostic tests for leishmaniasis and leprosy

The tests will be developed by Chembio using its Dual Path immunoassay test platform and will incorporate its antigens (5/31)

Chemokine
Therapeutics
Corp. (Canada; TSX:CTI)

University of British Columbia

Amended agreement

To grant the company exclusive worldwide rights to certain patented technologies that remain the school's property

The technology relates to therapeutics involving stromal cell-derived factor 1, or SDF-1, peptide antagonists and agonists that are applicable to Chemokine's candidates CTCE-9908 and CTCE-0214 (5/24)

Cleveland
BioLabs Inc.
(CBLI)

Defense Threat Reduction Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense

Contract

To fund development leading to the acquisition of its lead radiation countermeasure compound, Protectan CBLB502

The agreement is in collaboration with the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute; the grant was expected to be between $1.3M and $2.4M (3/20)

Compugen Ltd. (Israel; CGEN)

Mayo Clinic

Collaboration

To discover and validate biomarkers for diagnosing the presence of unstable atherosclerotic plaques in coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease

Compugen will have exclusive commercialization rights to resulting products (4/30)

Coronado
Biosciences Inc.*

Burnham Institute for Medical Research

Licensing agreement

For a preclinical Bcl-2 inhibitor

Coronado gains worldwide rights to develop and commercialize Apogossypol for cancer (5/29)

Cortex
Pharmaceuticals
Inc. (AMEX:COR)

TEC Edmonton (on behalf of the University of Alberta; Canada)

Patent license agreement

Agreement to broaden the use of Cortex's Ampakine technology to prevent and treat opiate- and barbiturate-induced respiratory depression

Terms were not disclosed (5/10)

Cronos
Therapeutics
Ltd. (UK; subsidiary of ValiRx plc; LSE:VAL)

University of Surrey's Post- graduate Medical School

Agreement

To co-develop prostate and bladder cancer diagnostics based on Cronos' HyperGenomics technology

The technology can be used to characterize any particular cell, disease or differentiation state using a patented PCR-based method for mapping the open areas of chromatin on a chromosome (4/4)

Crucell NV (the Netherlands; CRXL) and DSM Biologics (the Netherlands)

Development Center for Biotechnology (Taiwan)

Research license

For Crucell and DSM's PER.C6 human cell line

The center will use the technology for its in-house production of undisclosed recombinant proteins (3/26)

CytoGenix Inc. (OTC BB:CYGX)

U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases

CRADA

To develop and test synDNA vaccines for the prevention of disease caused by the Ebola virus and several strains of equine encephalitis viruses

CytoGenix has developed a synthetic process for large-scale production of high-purity DNA, and an expression vector that enables production of ssDNA sequences inside the cell (3/27)

Cyto Pulse
Sciences Inc.*
and Cancer Center
Karolinska (Sweden)

University Hospital Uppsala (Sweden)

Agreement

To conduct a safety trial of a prostate cancer vaccine

The vaccine uses Cyto's Derma Vax delivery system; it is designed to stimulate an immune response against prostate cancer cells (5/15)

DelSite Biotechnologies Inc. (unit of Carrington
Laboratories Inc.; CARN)

National Institutes of Health

Commercial evaluation license agreement

To evaluate a polysaccharide technology for developing a typhoid vaccine

DelSite is developing GelSite as a controlled-release drug delivery technology for protein/ peptide therapeutics and vaccine products (5/17)

DermTech
International
Inc.*

University of California at San Francisco, the Northern California Institute for Research and Education and the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Collaboration

To identify therapeutics to treat certain skin disorders

The deal also will seek to find formulations that will arrest or ameliorate the dermatological effects of aging, biomarkers involved in dermatological disorders and aging, and gene expression patterns predictive of patient responsiveness to drug treatment (5/11)

GangaGen
Life Sciences
Inc.*
(Canada)

University of Nottingham (UK)

Research project

Aimed at developing a bacteriophage-based treatment for the control of Campylobacter bacteria in poultry

Terms were not disclosed (5/22)

Generex
Biotechnology
Corp.*
(Canada)

Beijing Daopei Hospital (China)

Agreement

For Generex's Antigen Express subsidiary to conduct clinical trials of an immunotherapeutic strategy using methods of RNAi stimulation of the immune response against a patients' immune cells

The approach involves modifying the patient's cancer cells to increase their immunogenicity and thereby enable the immune system to fight off the cancer; the study is focused on patients with acute myelogenouse leukemia (3/26)

Genmab A/S
(Denmark;
CSE:GEN)

Danish Head and Neck Cancer Group

Research cooperation

Genmab will supply the fully human antibody HuMax-EGF (zalutumumab) to a Phase III front-line study of about 600 patients

The study will be financed and run by DAHANCA, which also is responsible for negotiating the study protocol with authorities (3/20)

GenVec Inc.
(GNVC)

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Cooperative research and development agreement

To develop adenovector-based vaccines for the prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus

The effort will combine NIAID's scientific and clinical expertise in RSV with GenVec's expertise in development of adenovector- based vaccines and manufacturing processes (3/20)

GenVec Inc.
(GNVC)

PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (established by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)

Extended agreement

To provide funding through the end of 2007 for GenVec's efforts to advance a multivalent malaria vaccine toward the clinic

The MVI will provide $750,000 in additional funding, bringing the agreements total value up to $3.9M (5/1)

International Stem
Cell
Corp.
(OTC BB:ISCO)

University of California

Research agreement

To characterize new embryonic stem cell lines, and to study differentiation into retinal progenitor cells

The deal was struck by Lifeline Cell Technology LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of ISCC; they will work on three projects; terms were not disclosed (3/19)

KineMed Inc.*

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Licensing agreement

For intellectual property related to scavenger receptor- class B type I

KineMed has the option to exclusive rights to issued patents that cover SR-B1 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerotic heart disease; KineMed also got an option for nonexclusive rights to methods of screening for drugs that modulate SR-B1 expression and activity, and genetic models of SR-B1 modulation (5/10)

Lipid Sciences
Inc.
(LIPD)

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia

In-licensing agreement

For in vitro assay technology

Lipid Sciences gains access to the technology for determining the cholesterol efflux potential for serum (4/16)

Lipomics
Technologies
Inc.*

Duke University

Collaborative research agreement

In several clinical areas to identify pharmacometabolomic markers

Lipomics will provide Duke analytical services for biomarker discovery and validation and provide data transfer and interpretation services; Lipomics has an option to license diagnostic rights on all such markers (5/21)

Lumera
Corp.
(LMRA)

Medical University of South Carolina

Extended collaboration

To develop an antibody array to measure the levels and modifications of patient mitochondrial proteins

Lumera will retain rights to commercialize all jointly developed intellectual property (4/30)

Luminex
Corp.
(LMNX)

The Johns Hopkins University

Exclusive license agreement

For cystic fibrosis genetic markers

Luminex will use the markers in its molecular diagnostic products sold in the U.S. (4/24)

Lux Biosciences Inc.*

Rutgers University

Expanded licensing agreement

To add exclusive access for ophthalmic use to some of the university's poly-carbonate intellectual property estate

That adds to the polyarylate patent portfolio Lux licensed from Rutgers in September 2006 (5/22)

Med BioGene
Inc.
(Canada; CDNX:MBI)

Duke University

Research collaboration

Deal to to further develop MBI's genetic biomarkers for lymphoma and leukemia

MBI will use its Gene Expression Profiling System on samples provided by Duke; MBI would pay Duke certain royalties on resulting product revenue (3/19)

MediGene AG
(Germany; FSE:MDG)

Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation

Research collaboration

To develop monoclonal T-cell receptor drugs to prevent the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells at the onset of Type I diabetes

JDRF will provide funding over the two-year collaboration to complete proof-of-concept pre-clinical studies and begin clinical trials (4/5)

Medistem Laboratories Inc. (OTC BB:MDSM)

Hao Wang of Lawson Health Research Institute and the University of Western Ontario (Canada)

Collaboration

For Medistem's Tolerostem technology

The deal covers preclinical research on Tolerostem; terms were not disclosed (3/27)

MorphoSys
AG
(Germany; FSE:MOR)

MRC Technology (arm of Medial Research Council; UK)

Expanded license agreement

The expanded agreement provides MorphoSys' unit, A bD Serotec, access to a range of hybri- doma cell lines as a source of research antibodies

The agreement is expanded for another five years (3/20)

Nanogen
Inc.
(NGEN)

U.S. Government Service Administration

Contract

For Nanogen's NanoChip 400 microarray instrument and reagents

The contract allows it to sell its NanoChip products directly to government agencies (4/4)

NanoViricides
Inc.
(PK:NNVC)

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

CRADA

To create new treatments for dengue fever using virus- killing nano-medicine technology

NanoViricides is a development-stage company that is creating special purpose nanomaterials for viral therapy (4/9)

Neuro-Hitech
Inc.
(NHPI)

Georgetown University

Exclusive license

To technology and patents covering drug combinations and methods for treating, preventing or reversing neuronal disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The drug combination comprises Neuro-Hitech's Huperzine compounds, such as Huperzine A, and nicotinic compounds, known as enhancers of cognitive function (5/30)

NovaScreen Biosciences (unit of Caliper Life Sciences Inc.; CALP), Cellumen Inc.*, BioSeek Inc.*, Expression Analysis Inc.*, In Vitro ADMET Laboratories LLC*, Phylonix Pharmaceuticals Inc.*, Attagene Inc.* and ACEA Bioscience Inc.*

Environmental Protection Agency

Contracts

To screen a set of about 200 well- known chemicals from different structural classes that cause varying phenotypic out- comes such as tumorgenesis, reproductive toxicity and neurotoxicity

Once they pass the validation test, the technologies can be used to screen up to 10,000 chemicals; the $111M in awards would go to NovaScreen (up to $69M), Cellumen ($5.5M), BioSeek ($12.8M), Expression Analysis ($5.8M), In Vitro ($5.7M), Phylonix ($4.3M), Attagene ($4M) and ACEA ($4M) (4/9)

Osteotech Inc. (OSTE)

Community Tissue Services

Expanded agreement

For the supply of cortical bone tissues

The agreement, signed in March 2006, is for five years and involved the supply of a specific number of tissues each month; this doubles that number (5/16)

Pacific Biometrics Inc. (OTC BB:PBME)

National Institutes of Health

Contract

To provide specialty laboratory testing services in support of a long-term aging study

Pacific Biometrics will provide a series of tests for hormones and inflammatory and bone markers relevant to the study (4/6)

Paratek Pharmaceuticals Inc.* compound library

Families of Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Expanded collaboration

To optimize and develop a small- molecule SMA drug from Paratek's tetracycline-based

The collaboration generated a lead candidate that enhanced expression of the SMN2 gene in cell and animal models of SMA (4/3)

Pediatric
Bioscience LLC*

University of California

Sponsored research agreement

To gain insight into whether certain gene expression traits are being passed on from parent to child, leading to autism in those children

The state will provide matching funds (5/22)

Pluristem Life Systems Inc. (OTC BB:PLRS)

Technion-Israel Institute of Technology and the Weizmann Institute of Science

Purchase agreement

For patents for stem cell production technology

Pluristem paid about $2M in the deal, which replaced a previous agreement that entailed a royalty rate of up to 25% (5/22)

Promega Corp.* Academy of Sciences

Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese medicine drug screening

Collaboration

To co-develop compound-profiling solutions for small- molecule and traditional Chinese

The effort is designed to combine the expertise of GIBH in drug discovery with that of Promega in biological assays (4/10)

Provista Life Sciences LLC*

Sun Health Research Institute

Memorandum of under- standing on strategic collaboration

To pursue the development of analytical protocols and platforms for early detection of Alzheimer's disease

Agreement also aims to improve the efficacy of therapeutic monitoring and drug intervention (4/30)

Quest PharmaTech Inc. (Canada; CDNX:QPT)

Alberta Research Council

Agreement

To develop fermentation-based technology to manufacture Hypocrellin B

The company currently procures it from a mushroom that grows on bamboo trees in China; Quest will receive an exclusive license to the developed technology to manufacture and commercialize Hypocrellin B- based products (5/24)

Repligen Corp. (RGEN)

The Scripps Research Institute

Exclusive commercial license agreement

For intellectual property covering compounds for treating Friedreich's ataxia

Financial terms were not disclosed (4/11)

Rosetta Genomics Ltd. (Israel; ROSG)

Columbia University Medical Center

Research agreement

To advance its lead cancer diagnostic

The center will perform clinical validation of the company's lead program for Cancer of Unknown Primary (5/21)

Rosetta Genomics Ltd. (Israel; ROSG)

New York University Medical Center

Partnership

To develop a line of detection diagnostic products for lung and mesothelioma cancers

The test will use Rosetta's protocol to extract microRNAs from a blood draw (4/23)

Rosetta Genomics Ltd. (Israel; ROSG)

Henry Ford Hospital

Agreement

To provide samples of metastases found in brain tissue

The samples then will be analyzed using Rosetta's miRdicator technology to determine the origin of the metastases (5/1)

RXi Pharmaceuticals Corp. (majority owned by CytRx Corp.; CYTR)

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

License agreement

RXi got nonexclusive rights to short hairpin RNAi technology

The technology is designed to allow for more efficient triggering of RNA interference; terms were not disclosed (3/19)

S*BIO Pte. Ltd.* (Singapore)

National University Hospital- National University of Singapore Tissue Repository

Two-year research partnership

To conduct biomarker research and evaluate tumor responsiveness to S*BIO's anticancer compounds

Terms were not disclosed (5/29)

Senomyx Inc. (SNMX)

The Queens Medical Center

Exclusive, worldwide license agreement

To certain patent rights relating to the use of the TRPM5 ion channel from The Queens Medical Center

The agreement covers screening, development and commercialization of flavor ingredients that modulate TRPM5 to alter sweet, bitter and savory tastes (3/29)

Sequenom Inc. (SQNM)

Immune Tolerance Network

Agreement

For Sequenom to provide quantitative gene expression services

The network is an organization focused on clinical strategies and biological assays to induce, maintain and monitor tolerance in humans for kidney, liver and islet transplantation, auto- immune diseases, and allergy and asthma (5/31)

SRI International* nerve agents

U.S. Department of Defense

Contract

To develop and deliver 90,000 doses of a prophylactic drug that will protect soldiers against poisoning by organophosphorus

SRI said it will further develop a promising compound it identified as part of earlier study for the U.S. Army; SRI intends to have it ready for the clinic in less than two years (3/20)

ThromboGenics NV (Belgium; BR:THR)

D. Collen Research Foundation

Licensing agreement

For antibodies against platelet glycoprotein Ib and von Willebrand Factor

The foundation received the license in return for a lump sum payment equal to the company's investment in the programs, plus a 25% share of any future revenues (5/2)

Tissera Inc. (OTC BB:TSSR)

Yeda (technology transfer arm of the Weizmann Institute of Science; Israel)

Extended agreement

For the institute to perform research and development activities for Tissera through April 9, 2008

The main objective for the additional research period is to further advance ongoing pre-clinical studies being performed on primate models of Type I diabetes mellitus (5/29)

VGX Pharmaceuticals
Inc.
(PK:VGXIF)

University of Pennsylvania

License agreement

The license covers novel DNA vaccines and therapeutics

VGX gets exclusive worldwide rights to develop a number of DNA plasmids and constructs with potential for the treatment and/or prevention of HIV, HCV, human papillomavirus and influenza (4/24)

VGX Pharmaceuticals
Inc.
(PK:VGXIF)

Baylor College of Medicine

License agreement

Covers a range of growth hormone- releasing hormones and related intellectual property for application in humans

VGX will have exclusive worldwide rights to develop the technology for indications such as cachexia in cancer and HIV patients, as well as age-related disorders (5/14)

Vical Inc. (VICL)

Naval Medical Research Center

CRADA

To explore the use of Vical's Vaxfectin adjuvant with experimental DNA vaccines against malaria

The NMRC plans to conduct a series of antigen screening tests and further development in several animal models of malaria to optimize the design of a vaccine (4/19)

ViRexx Medical Corp. (Canada; AMEX:REX: TSX:VIR)

National Institute for Nanotechnology and Defense Research and Development Canada Suffield

Agreements

To study nanoparticle- forming properties and to study biodefense applications

Specific terms were not disclosed (5/30)

Viropro Inc. (Canada; OTC BB: VPRO)

National Research Council- Biotechnology Research Institute (Canada)

Development agreement

Deal covering development of a targeted monoclonal antibody from Viropro

Viropro has exclusive rights to technology to increase the production of certain products in manufacturing processes; terms were not disclosed (3/19)

Vybion Inc.*

Cornell University

Licensing agreement

For a drug development platform that can be configured for monoclonal antibody selection, affinity maturation and library generation, for improving solubility and bioactivity of biopharmaceuticals and identification of protein-protein interactions

Vybion uses the technology for in-house drug development and partner projects; the company can sublicense the rights (4/10)

Xanthus Pharmaceuticals Inc.*

Johns Hopkins University

Exclusive worldwide licensing agreement

To a patent estate from Johns Hopkins for treating immune-related disorders by inhibiting the FLT3 tyrosine kinase

Financial terms were not disclosed (4/11)


Notes:

This chart does not include grants or contract awards, or agreements between biotech companies and clinical trial centers.

* Denotes privately held company.

@ Some institutions listed have for-profit components. They are located in the U.S. unless otherwise noted.

CRADA = Cooperative Research and Development Agreement.

Unless otherwise noted, shares are traded on the Nasdaq exchange.

AMEX = American Stock Exchange; BR = Brussels Stock Exchange; CDNX = Canadian Venture Exchange; CSE = Copenhagen Stock Exchange; FSE = Frankfurt Stock Exchange; LSE = London Stock Exchange; OTC BB = Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board; PK = Pink Sheets; TSX = Toronto Stock Exchange.