X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is not unique to female cells and may confer some survival advantage to male cancer cells, according to scientists at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard. The noncoding RNA XIST (acronym for X-inactive specific transcript), which in female mammals (of genotype XX) inactivates one of the X chromosomes, preventing the overexpression of the genes of the repeated chromosome from early stages of embryonic development, also acts somatically in some male cancers, compensating for the loss of the entire chromosome.
“We found that a small percentage of male cancers are expressing XIST, which normally is expressed in female cancers. And the percentage of male cancers that express XIST is variable depending on the cancer type,” Srinivas Viswanathan, researcher in the Department of Medical Oncology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard and assistant professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, told BioWorld.
In the largest study to date for Crohn's disease, researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard identified rare variants of 10 genes associated with this pathology. The researchers sequenced the exomes of 110,000 people, 30,000 patients with Crohn's and 80,000 without this condition, with the participation of a hundred international scientific institutions.
The U.S. Patent Trial and Appeal Board’s (PTAB) decision Feb. 28 that Broad Institute scientists were the first to invent the use of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in eukaryotic cells is just another chapter in the ongoing saga of who has patent rights to various elements of the CRISPR platform.
Sadly, a major part of the answer to why drugs are so expensive appears to be “because they can be.” But the high cost of drugs has also spurred a number of attempts to find medicines that are innovative but remain affordable. Drug repurposing, or using a drug that has been developed for one ailment to treat a different one, is one such strategy.
One necessary step to fend off a dystopian future of medical care without antibiotics is the development of new antibiotics. Another is improved deployment of existing ones, a feat which will take, among other things, better antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). “I’m astounded that we can get men to the moon, and we are using practices [dating] almost back to the age of Robert Koch to identify bacteria,” Deborah Hung told BioWorld MedTech. “The standard practice takes amazingly long.”
While Burt Adelman has been in Boston since 1991, it wasn’t until he joined Novo Ventures Inc. about four years ago that he realized there was often no way to tie the area’s drug development together into something resembling a cohesive whole.
A team at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT has developed a genome editing method that could, in principle, correct 90% of the roughly 75,000 currently known genomic changes that are associated with genetic diseases.
A team at the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT has developed a genome editing method that could, in principle, correct 90% of the roughly 75,000 currently known genomic changes that are associated with genetic diseases.
