Prior to this year’s Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), it had been 14 years since metastasis had been the subject of a plenary session. So, the Tuesday session on “Evolution of the genome, microenvironment, and host through metastasis” had plenty of new insights to share.
Prior to this year’s Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), it had been 14 years since metastasis had been the subject of a plenary session. So, the Tuesday session on “Evolution of the genome, microenvironment, and host through metastasis” had plenty of new insights to share.
Researchers from Nanjing University and affiliated organizations have published the outcomes of a study that aimed to investigate the role of cadherin 4 (CDH4) in the metastatic cascade of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).
Although treatment outcomes have improved in metastatic melanoma since the use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), it still remains a medical challenge. Melanoma cells are thought to adapt several phenotypic states, such as mesenchymal-like state (MES), which may modulate their sensitivity to therapy. An international team of researchers has now investigated the mechanisms behind melanoma cells’ resistance to ICB.
Radiotherapy resistance and metastasis are among the top risk factors for refractory oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the mechanisms of which must be elucidated, plus there is a lack of biomarkers to predict response.
Protein-arginine deiminase type-4 (PAD4) protein contributes to the formation of neutrophil extranuclear traps (NETs), which in turn lead to tumor growth and cancer immune escape that favors metastatic disease. The expression of PAD4 in certain types of cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells, makes the strategy of PAD4 inhibition risky due to adverse side effects.
Long bones, vertebrae and skull bones have distinct types of stem cells, and new insights into those stem cells could lead to new ways to treat both rare developmental disorders of skull formation and the all-too-common phenomenon of bone metastases. Scientifically, the work, which was published in two papers by Matthew Greenblatt and colleagues in Nature, adds to the increasing understanding of bone’s complexities. “Bone may serve as an endocrine organ that is secreting factors throughout the body,” Greenblatt said.
A Spanish study led by scientists from the Cajal Institute and the National Center of Oncological Research (CNIO) combined the power of artificial neural networks and biological neuronal circuits to identify abnormal brain activity produced by secondary metastases in the CNS and classify these tumors. The work, published online on Aug. 30, 2023, in Cancer Cell, showed how damage in the brain did not depend on the tumor size but on the effect it produced on neuronal circuits, interrupting cell communication.
Researchers from Kunming University of Science and Technology and affiliated organizations presented discovery and preclinical evaluation of a novel salinomycin derivative, SAL-98, as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of cancer.
