In pulmonary hypertension (PH), upregulated signaling by ActRIIA ligands, such as myostatin, activin A and GDF11, activates SMAD2/3 mediated pathways that drive pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction. Therapeutic blockade of these ligands using ligand traps such as sotatercept improves vascular remodeling and ameliorates PH pathology.
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4) is a modulator of IL-1 receptor and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for several inflammatory diseases. Gilead Sciences Inc. and Nurix Therapeutics Inc. recently presented data generated in a preclinical murine model of AD with their IRAK-4 degrader GS-6791.
Chineses researchers investigated the relationship between formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) expression and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS), specifically evaluating the therapeutic potential of the FPR1 antagonist T-0080.
Antibody-based therapy against CD20 has had successful results in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), but some patients still have incomplete response to therapy and clinical relapse. The early identification of predictors of response is key to optimize treatment strategies. Proteomic profiling in serum of patients may confer the identification of candidate markers for patient stratification and support personalized treatment approaches.
Researchers from Novartis AG reported preclinical efficacy data on VHB-937, an agonist human monoclonal antibody targeting TREM2 in models of neuroinflammation.
Is there a link between cellular senescence and multiple sclerosis (MS) progression? Several presentations at this year’s European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis 2025 (ECTRIMS 2025) conference, which ends today in Barcelona, addressed this question.
Researchers from Opko Health Inc. and Entera Bio Ltd. recently presented preclinical pharmacokinetic data on OPK-8801003, an oral GLP-2 analogue developed for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.
Obesity is a multifactorial metabolic disorder with limited treatment options capable of sustaining weight loss and improving systemic metabolic health. MicroRNA-22 (miR-22) has emerged as an essential regulator of metabolic homeostasis, influencing lipid biosynthesis, mitochondrial function and brown adipose tissue development. These roles position miR-22 as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in obesity and related disorders such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic disease (MASLD) and its progressive disease state, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).
Although the development pipeline for obesity treatments is expanding rapidly, weight loss is often accompanied by a concurrent reduction in lean muscle mass, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches that promote fat loss while preserving muscle. Activin type II receptors (ACTRIIA/B) are regulators of muscle homeostasis, while the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) plays a role in energy balance and adiposity.
At the ongoing European Association for the Study of Diabetes annual meeting in Vienna, Hanmi Holdings Co. Ltd. presented preclinical efficacy data on HM-15275, a long-acting GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor triple agonist developed for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic complications.
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