In 2025, science saw its breakthroughs, which BioWorld will be covering as part of our end-of-the-year wrap-up. But the biggest science story of 2025 is not about any scientific advance. It is the politicized destruction of U.S. science, and the dismantling of a scientific ecosystem that has been the envy of the world since it emerged after Germany destroyed its own pre-eminence in the 1930s.

The U.S. FDA approved 18 drugs in November, down from 20 in October, bringing the total number of clearances to 199 through the first 11 months of the year. The number is about 5% lower than the 209 approvals recorded over the same period in 2024 but more than every prior year.

The Trump administration has made known that it intends to foster rapid adoption of AI, starting with a repeal of an executive order (EO) issued by the Biden administration. Now, the White House has issued an EO that would override state AI law, a move that addresses a task that Congress to date has failed to complete.

Cartography Biosciences Inc. has received IND approval from the FDA for CBI-1214, a T-cell engager being developed for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Viatris Inc. has announced FDA clearance of its IND application for MR-146, an Enriched Tear Film (ETF) AAV gene therapy candidate for the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy. The company plans to initiate a phase I/II trial in patients with neurotrophic keratopathy in the first half of next year.

The FDA’s final guidance for the use of real-world evidence (RWE) was touted by FDA commissioner Marty Makary as opening the door to the use of existing de-identified data in premarket device submissions, but the final guidance lends also clarifies a couple of points about when an investigational device exemption will be needed for RWE studies.

Zelluna ASA has submitted a clinical trial application (CTA) to the UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for ZI-MA4-1 (ZIMA-101), the company’s lead candidate. ZI-MA4-1 is a novel MAGE-A4-targeting T-cell receptor-natural killer (TCR-NK) therapy.

The U.S. FDA announced Dec. 15 that it will take a more relaxed approach regarding the use of real-world evidence (RWE) in drug and device application reviews. Specifically, new guidance for device premarket applications will not require identifiable individual patient data collected from real-world data sources, and the agency indicated it intends to consider similarly updating guidance regarding submissions for drugs and biologics.