What if we paid professional athletes only when they won? What if spectators got their tickets refunded whenever the home team lost? That might make that $1,300 Super Bowl ticket a little easier to purchase. And, hey, perhaps that might assuage some of the crushing disappointment for Denver fans still bemoaning the Broncos’ embarrassing defeat. (Though, on second thought, maybe not. Broncos’ fans are pretty passionate and hard core.) But along those same lines, what if we paid for therapeutics only when they worked? That would keep the cost of health care from further spiraling out of control, right? That...