It is well known that mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene are causative of cystic fibrosis, a lethal autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder. Several studies have also pointed to an association between CFTR mutations and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a form of anovulatory infertility characterized by hyperandrogenemia, irregular menses and polycystic ovarian morphology. Apart from experiencing reproductive-related symptoms, women with PCOS face an increased risk of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Researchers from Università degli Studi di Foggia presented data from a study that aimed to investigate different circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as possible biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).
African Americans are 10 times more likely to develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) than Americans of European descent in part due to inheritance of one of two high-risk (HR) APOL1 variants (G1/G2, not G0) that are only present in people of West African or Caribbean ancestry. By contrast, these two APOL1 HR variants confer a beneficial resistance to otherwise lethal trypanosomiasis, which is caused by a pathogen endemic to West Africa, but still this ultimately results in a 4-fold increased risk for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
Researchers from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and affiliated organizations presented data from a study that aimed to identify new pathogenic genes for autosomal dominant hypotrichosis (hair loss).
Researchers from Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf and affiliated organizations presented data from a study that aimed to identify novel neurological biomarkers in distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN).
Researchers from the Universities of Malaga and Cordoba (Spain) presented data from a study that aimed to identify matrisome regulator miRNAs in obesity and prediabetes that could represent novel noninvasive circulating biomarkers of adipose tissue (AT) fibrosis.
Lipids are “very diverse, but also vastly understudied,” Anne Brunet told the audience at the recent meeting on Aging Research and Drug Discovery. Advances in the ability to predict protein structures have fueled a much better understanding of the human proteome and its estimated 20,000 members. The lipidome is much larger, numbering maybe 100,000 total. And what those lipids do remains much more fuzzy. “Very little is known about their function, and especially their function during aging,” Brunet said. Slowly, however, technological advances are enabling researchers to understand the roles of lipids as well.
“Change is the only constant” is an ageless truth. In the search for age-related biomarkers, it is also a prosaic confounding factor. Age-related biomarkers will be critical for the development of antiaging therapeutics. “Nobody is planning to do a life span study in humans,” Eric Verdin told the audience at the 10th Conference on Aging Research and Drug Development in Copenhagen on Monday. “Hence the need for … surrogate markers.” And “we are not there … we are actually quite far from there.”
Despite continual investment in research focused on high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the 5-year survival rate of ∼30% for most patients has remained unchanged for decades. While ≤20% of HGSOC patients present with treatment-refractory disease, therapeutic strategies have not changed outcomes for these patients in 40 years.
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