The neuron-specific K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2 is involved in the shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR) currents and subsequent synaptic inhibition.

By increasing the expression of the chloride transporter Kcc2 (K-Cl cotransporter 2), researchers at Duke University have reduced chronic pain in mouse models of nerve pain and bone cancer.