Neural stem cell-derived exosomes (Nexo) are small, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles secreted by neural stem cells. Due to their role in cell-to-cell communication within the central nervous system (CNS), they are considered a promising strategy for modulating neuronal function and promoting repair processes in conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed an advanced Nexo platform incorporating ultrasmall nanoselenium via lipid-mediated nucleation, termed Senexo.