A histone acetylome-wide associations study performed in immune cells from patients with active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection versus those from healthy controls, has for the first time provided proof of principle for HAWAS to infer molecular mechanisms of host response to pathogens.

Researchers have discovered a blood signature of protein isoforms that could potentially predict which patients may reject a new organ transplant, helping inform therapeutic decisions. The findings of this study are reported online in the January 27th edition of Science.

A remarkably brief exposure to a multidrug cocktail enabled frogs to re-grow largely functional limbs after amputation, investigators from Tufts University reported in the January 26, 2022, issue of Science Advances. Twenty-four hours of exposure to five factors – brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), growth hormone (GH), 1,4-dihydrophenonthrolin-4-one-3carboxylic acid (1,4-DPCA), resolvin D5 (RD5) and retinoic acid (RA) – set off regeneration processes that continued for 18 months.

Researchers at the RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research in Japan have deployed improved genetically modified human stem cell-derived retinal transplants to treat rats with retinitis pigmentosa, a major cause of hereditary human blindness.

South Korea’s Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) has completed a preclinical study for a noninvasive therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. The "ultrasound-based gamma entrainment” technique involves syncing up gamma waves, or brain waves above 30 Hz, with an external oscillation of a given frequency. This happens naturally by exposing a subject to a repetitive stimulus, such as sound, light, or mechanical vibrations.

Drugs targeting receptors of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) are widely used in neuropsychiatry and some such agents, most notably psilocybin, have shown potential for further drug development, but hallucinogenic effects have limited their clinical use. The findings of a new multicenter Chinese structural pharmacology study may now provide a solid basis for the structure-based design of safe and nonhallucinogenic psychedelic analogues with therapeutic efficacy, the authors reported in the January 28, 2022, edition of Science.

Two studies published this January by separate research teams have conclusively identified Epstein-Barr virus infection as the cause of multiple sclerosis, and the mechanism by which the immune response to EBV infection triggers an attack on the myelin sheath, the insulation that enables high-speed neuronal transmission.

By using a new method to model ovarian cancer, researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center have gained new insights into the role of senescence in therapy response of high-grade serous ovarian cancers.

Tau protein aggregates are present in a group of disorders, collectively termed the tauopathies. Alzheimer's disease is the most common of those disorders, while frontotemporal dementia is most strongly linked to tau. Now, a map of the proteins that interact with tau and how those interactions differ between normal and disease-associated tau protein could give new clues on how the protein causes damage in neurodegenerative disorders, and on how to treat or prevent that damage.

Antibodies to the EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus can cross-react with glial cell adhesion molecule (GlialCAM), a component of the myelin sheath. The findings are the first to report a mechanism for how viral infections can cause autoimmune disorders.