Major histocompatibility complex class I-related protein A and B (MICA and MICB) are ligands for the natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptor and are widely expressed on tumor cells, with very limited expression on normal tissues.

Avenzo Therapeutics Inc. has announced IND clearance by the FDA for AVZO-1418 (DB-1418), an EGFR/HER3 bispecific antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). A first-in-human phase I/II study will begin later this year and will evaluate AVZO-1418 as a single agent and in combination therapy in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Ovarian cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with high recurrence rates and resistance to chemotherapy. CAR T-cell therapies present limited efficacy in solid tumors due to tumor heterogeneity and immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment.

Immuneoncia Therapeutics Inc. raised ₩33.9 billion (US$24 million) from its Kosdaq listing May 19. Shares closed at ₩7,500 – 108% higher than its offering price of ₩3,600 per share. Immuneoncia, a joint venture founded in 2016 between Seoul, South Korea-based Yuhan Corp. and San Diego-based Sorrento Therapeutics Inc., noted that the funds will support R&D operations until 2026.

ALX Oncology Holdings Inc. is set to begin phase I studies around the middle of this year with ALX-2004, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for the treatment of EGFR-expressing solid tumors, following IND clearance last month.

Oncolytic viruses trigger immunogenic cell death in tumors, releasing signals that activate innate immune cells and promote tumor-specific T-cell responses. While some oncolytic viruses, including FDA-approved T-VEC, have shown safety and some clinical benefit, their limited effectiveness as standalone treatments underscores the need for combination therapies.

CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell malignancies has still to be improved regarding durability, manufacturing complexity or toxicity, among others. Precigen Inc. has presented data regarding the preclinical development and efficacy of PRGN-3008, a PD-1-expression inhibitor cell therapy targeting CD19 that was built in a next-generation ultra CAR T platform.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy by reversing tumor-induced immunosuppression, but they fail to work for many patients because of resistance. In addition, they can reactivate immune pathways only from outside immune cells.

Minerva Biotechnologies Corp. recently released details on their work to develop a treatment for HER2-positive patients who have acquired resistance to Herceptin (trastuzumab) or Enhertu (trastuzumab-deruxtecan).