Among the emerging therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes (T2D), G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have demonstrated promise due to their complementary mechanisms of action. GPR119 agonists stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion, while DPP-4 inhibitors enhance the duration of incretin hormone activity by preventing their degradation. Together, these mechanisms contribute to improved glycemic control in individuals with T2D.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with poor clinical outcomes and high mortality rates, primarily driven by drug resistance and relapse. Increasing evidence has confirmed dysregulated cellular metabolism as a tumor hallmark with crucial roles in tumor growth, progression and drug resistance.

Researchers from Xi’an Jiaotong University and Southern University of Science and Technology have conducted a comprehensive preclinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a second-generation CAR T therapy targeting trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2) for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.

Neural stem cell-derived exosomes (Nexo) are small, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles secreted by neural stem cells. Due to their role in cell-to-cell communication within the central nervous system (CNS), they are considered a promising strategy for modulating neuronal function and promoting repair processes in conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed an advanced Nexo platform incorporating ultrasmall nanoselenium via lipid-mediated nucleation, termed Senexo.