Phenomix Sciences Inc. has launched a first-of-its-kind test that could provide precision medicine treatment options for patients suffering from a particular form of obesity. Key to the saliva-based Hungry Gut test for patients still hungry after eating is the science of phenotyping enabling specialists to determine genetic sources for this and other distinct obesity conditions.

Type 2 diabetes is known to involve many different underlying mechanisms, but the considerable heterogeneity in the phenotype is mostly ignored in how it is treated. Now, researchers at University of Dundee, U.K., have developed a method for visualizing this heterogeneity and shown how the risks of complications, such as chronic kidney disease or peripheral neuropathy, differ by phenotypes.

A study by researchers at Nanjing University has demonstrated that in mice, depression-like phenotypes induced by paternal stress can be inherited by the offspring through a causal role of microRNAs in the father's sperm.