Chinese researchers have developed a new a circulating exosomal proteomic biomarker signature that may aid in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in combination with computed tomography. Exosomes may contribute to lung disorders by carrying cargoes that promote inflammatory responses in immune and lung epithelial cells. The assay was performed in a case-control biomarker study; exosomes from 168 serum samples were extracted and submitted to proteomic analysis.