Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is a chronic form of disease that occurs after relapsing-remitting MS, with a progressive disease course, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that may be a useful marker of Eomes+ Th cells; the antigen has been shown to be expressed by cytotoxic Th cells and required for late-onset disease.

The Annual Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) meeting in Copenhagen this week is celebrating its 40th edition. In recognition of this landmark, the plenary session and opening lecture were attended by Queen Margrethe of Denmark. Afterward, the hot topic session on neuroprotective therapies set the stage for the subsequent discussions on the latest trends in the management and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS).