Neurodegenerative disease and cognitive decline cannot be explained by a single process. Beta-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, alpha-synuclein, activated microglia and astrocytes, altered receptors such as TREM2, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic changes and cerebrovascular alterations all seem to contribute to the development of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While scientists attempt to address each of these elements, prevention is growing as a primary goal.

Enodia Therapeutics Inc. was spun out of The Institut Pasteur by Argobio Studio based on the work of Caroline Demangel, co-founder of Enodia and head of the immunobiology and therapy unit at The Institut Pasteur. Demangel’s lab discovered the mechanism of action of mycolactone, a natural Sec61 inhibitor that causes Buruli ulcers.

A recent study aimed to de novo design mini-protein inhibitors that specifically block the membrane insertion of soluble complement C9. This work, led by researchers from Shandong Second Medical University, applied deep learning-based methods for protein scaffold generation, sequence design and complex structure prediction.

Newco Kyron Bio is showing its colors after sealing a research agreement with Servier SA, underpinning a claim that it has overcome one of the longest-running challenges of the biotech industry, and developing technology to precisely control the glycosylation of therapeutic proteins.

Excellergy Inc. has presented data for Exl-111, an investigational allergic effector cell response inhibitor (ECRI) targeting the IgE axis that is designed to disarm allergic effector cells at the source of activation.

The activation of mast cells in the lungs and skin is involved in diseases such as asthma and chronic spontaneous urticaria, where the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is a key regulator of mast cell function.

A study involving a small cohort of women who have received womb transplants has cast fresh light on how the immune system shapes pregnancy outcomes, opening up new avenues of research into implantation failure, preeclampsia and preterm birth. Using an array of single cell analyses, scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) studied the composition and gene expression profiles of immune cells in tissue samples from five women who had received womb transplants.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease accompanied by pruritus, for which IL-13 and IL-31 are clinically validated targets. Earendil Labs Inc. has developed a bispecific antibody targeting both IL-13 and IL-31, HX-16108, with an extended half-life.