Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast used as a model for human mitosis, age in two ways. Both genomic instability and the decline of mitochondria cause cells to degenerate and die. The choice of one type or another depends on a network of genes that can be adjusted by bioengineering.
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway comprises four JAK kinases and seven STAT transcription factors. Among the latter, STAT3 is the best-known oncogene and its essential role in normal tissue makes its complete blockage useless for treatment due to severe side effects.
Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has described C-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6) antagonists reported to be useful for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disease and inflammatory disorders.
Researchers at China Welfare Institute International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital and East China University of Science & Technology have divulged azaphenothiazine derivatives reported to be useful for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
The University of Vermont has identified ADCYAP receptor type I (PAC1 receptor) antagonists reported to be useful for the treatment of pain, eating, neurological and stress disorders, substance abuse and dependency.
Nerve growth factor (NGF) actions are involved in pain perception and mediated via the tyrosine kinase TrkA (tropomyosin receptor kinase A) in neural cells. Mutations in the gene encoding for TrkA cause hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by loss of responses to noxious stimuli, anhidrosis and cognitive impairment. Until now, appropriate animal models to study the mechanisms underlying HSAN IV were missing.
A proof of concept of ex vivo genetic modification of cells from patients and their transplantation in mice has demonstrated, for the first time, the therapeutic possibilities of prime editing in sickle cell disease (SCD).
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