Type I diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells by killer T cells. However, most of the killer T cells that patrol the pancreas during diabetes do not recognize any pancreatic antigens. The assumption has been that even the nonspecific T cells contribute to disease progression by contributing to tissue damage. Researchers from the La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology have reported that the opposite is true.
The threat of drug-resistant superbugs is no secret, and neither is the fact that the development of new antibiotics faces commercialization challenges as well as scientific ones.
A significant fraction of knockout genes are embryonic lethal – that is, knocking them out causes mouse embryos to die before birth. Research into the function of those genes has focused on the embryos themselves, but researchers from the British Babraham Institute have shown that the majority of embryonic lethal genes affect the placenta.
Romidepsin, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and FDA-approved lymphoma drug, reversed the social deficits of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in a mouse model of the condition.
In cell lines directly generated from patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancers that were resistant to second-generation ALK inhibitors, multiple different bypass resistance mutations ultimately converged on the same signaling mode to increase cell growth.
One theory for how antidepressants exert their effects, and why they take weeks to do so, is that they stimulate the growth of new neurons in the brain, in particular in the hippocampus.
BOSTON – Long-term control of HIV without the need for ongoing antiretroviral therapy (ART), even though it is not a cure, would be a major milestone for HIV treatment. At the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) this week, researchers suggested that it may be possible to find treatments that induce such long-term control, through a combination of ART and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs).
BOSTON – Curing HIV infection has become a realistic goal, and one of the major areas of HIV research, since the first Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) was held in 1993. But for such a cure to become a reality, it will be necessary to eliminate the viral reservoir.
BOSTON – An individual's microbiome is now recognized as a major factor in health, disease, and the effectiveness of medical treatment. At her Tuesday morning plenary talk at the 2018 Conference for Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), Nichole Klatt, assistant professor in the University of Washington's Department of Pharmaceutics, gave an overview of the female vaginal microbiome's role in both HIV infection and treatment.
