Family with sequence similarity 19 member A5 (FAM19A5) is a secretory protein highly expressed in the brain that regulates synapse dynamics through its interaction with leucine-rich repeat-containing 4B (LRRC4B). Noise exposure is one of the most significant causes of synapse loss between inner hair cells and auditory nerve fibers, leading to a decline in hearing sensitivity.
The most common form of hereditary deafness in humans is caused by mutations in the GJB2 gene, which encodes the gap junction protein connexin 26. That regulates the transport of potassium and metabolites between inner ear cells. The coding sequence of this gene fits in an adenovirus-associated vector (AAV), making it an attractive approach for gene therapy.
In Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.’s phase I/II Chord study of 12 children with genetic hearing loss, 10 out of 11 have shown improvements after being treated with a gene therapy. “What is really remarkable about this type of therapeutic approach is that the first people who are going to see the impact are not actually the physicians – it’s the families,” Jonathon Whitton, vice president and Regeneron’s auditory global program head, told BioWorld.
Essilorluxottica SA received U.S. FDA clearance for its over-the-counter Nuance Audio Glasses, which combines sight and sound technologies, to help people improve their vision and hearing. The device also received a CE mark certification under the Medical Devices Regulation from the EU authorities.
Primemupharma Co. Ltd. has divulged compounds comprising a novel polyester linker acting as antioxidants reported to be useful for the treatment of hearing loss and Meniere’s disease.
More than half of all hearing loss cases are hereditary. Myelin protein zero-like 2, encoded by MPZL2, is widely expressed in cochlear cells in the inner ear. Mutations in MPZL2 have been identified as the second most prevalent cause of mild to moderate hereditary hearing loss.
The U.S. FDA approved Apple Inc.’s Airpods Pro 2 as an over-the-counter assistive hearing device for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss, making the ubiquitous devices the first assistive hearing technology to receive this designation.
Piplartine, also called piperlongumine, had protective effects against hearing loss induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics in zebrafish and mouse models of kanamycin-induced hair cell loss. Kanamycin is a member of the aminoglycosides, a group of antibiotics that have broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains.
The primary-endpoint win by Sensorion SA in a phase II proof-of-concept study with SENS-401 (arazasetron) in hearing loss made public March 11 brought renewed interest in the space, where a number of players are advancing gene therapies. The story marches on, with Montpellier, France-based Sensorion due to discuss the product July 13 at the International Conference on Cochlear Implants and Other Implantable Technologies in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Patients with congenital hearing loss could benefit from a gene therapy currently in development. Although there are approaches that could reverse the process in children and young people before it becomes severe, so far, adults do not have any treatment that prevents the progressive deterioration of auditory sensory cells caused by this disease.
