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Tanycytes illuminated and color coded according to their depth in the hypothalamus brain of a mouse
Aging

Map is first step toward healthy brains into old age

Jan. 9, 2025
By Anette Breindl
2024 saw the completion of several cellular-resolution brain maps, including the entire fly brain and a comprehensive connections map of a cubic centimeter of human brain. 2025 began with the addition of another important map. In the Jan. 1, 2025, issue of Nature, researchers from the Allen Institute presented a map of areas and cell types where aging most affected the mouse brain.
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Cancer cells under magnifying glass

Progress in cancer research, even the toughest types

Jan. 2, 2025
By Mar de Miguel and Anette Breindl
Among the most profound results presented at the 2024 European Society for Medical Oncology Congress were the 10-year data from the Checkmate-067 and Keynote-006 trials of Opdivo and Keytruda as first-line agents in advanced or metastatic melanoma in which 10-year overall survival topped 40%. The success of checkpoint blockade, however, has not extended to all tumor types, but in 2024, molecular studies have led to advances in gene therapies and a multitude of approaches that have opened the door to hope.
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Video still showing the brain inside an adult fruit fly

The map for a journey to the center of the brain

Dec. 24, 2024
By Mar de Miguel
In the 1970s, scientists from several countries proposed to reconstruct, one by one, all the neurons in the brain as they appear under an electron microscope. They started with a small worm. Caenorhabditis elegans has only 302 neurons. It took 16 years. How much time would be required to repeat this arduous task for the 100 billion neurons in the human brain?
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Human cell illustration
Endocrine/metabolic

Cell mapping yields clues to metabolic health in obese individuals

Dec. 18, 2024
By Anette Breindl
Researchers at the University of Leipzig and ETH Zurich have used single-cell sequencing to identify differences between fat tissue of obese individuals who are metabolically unhealthy, and those who were in good metabolic health. The findings, which were published online Dec. 17, 2024, in Cell Metabolism, identify measurements that can be used to decouple obesity from metabolic disease.
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Concept art for blood sugar.

Second insulin receptor offers new therapeutic avenues

Dec. 13, 2024
By Anette Breindl
Investigators at the Helmholtz Institute have shown that inceptor, an inhibitor of the insulin signaling pathway, acted by binding insulin and targeting it for degradation. “Insulin was discovered 100 years ago, and the insulin receptor was discovered 50 years ago,” Heiko Lickert told BioWorld. “Now we have a new insulin receptor, which degrades insulin.” Lickert is the senior author of the paper reporting the new insights into how inceptor works, which were published online in Nature Metabolism.
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Illustration of a T cell
Drug design, drug delivery & technologies

Engineered T cells can serve as organ-specific delivery service

Dec. 11, 2024
By Coia Dulsat
Researchers from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) have successfully replicated the design of regulatory T cells, achieving local targeted immune suppression and protection from CAR T-cell cytotoxicity. Many of the treatments used so far in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders lead to systemic immunosuppression. In this sense, limiting immunosuppression locally to targeted tissues may help overcome systemic toxicity.
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Illustration of receptor binding site of the A/Texas/37/2024 hemagglutinin Leu226 mutant
Infection

A single mutation in H5N1 is all that’s needed for easier transmissibility

Dec. 10, 2024
By Mar de Miguel
Although it does not generally infect humans, a single mutation of the H5N1 virus in the highly pathogenic avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b could overcome this barrier and possibly trigger a pandemic.
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Illustration of receptor binding site of the A/Texas/37/2024 hemagglutinin Leu226 mutant
Infection

A single mutation in H5N1 is all that’s needed for easier transmissibility

Dec. 9, 2024
By Mar de Miguel
Although it does not generally infect humans, a single mutation of the H5N1 virus in the highly pathogenic avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b could overcome this barrier and possibly trigger a pandemic. Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute have warned of this possibility after studying the three-dimensional structure of the viral hemagglutinin and seeing how a change in one amino acid would make it more suitable for the human cell receptor. The researchers stress the need to monitor new mutations of this virus in order to act quickly in case the global jump to our species occurs.
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Illustration of proteins on neurons in the aging brain

Ketone bodies could clear misfolded proteins in the brain

Dec. 6, 2024
A ketone body, a molecule derived from the metabolism of acids to obtain energy when glucose is not available, could become an effective ally in treating Alzheimer’s or preventing the effects of aging on the brain. A group of scientists at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging have studied the role of β-hydroxybutyrate as a signaling metabolite of misfolded proteins by interacting with them and altering their solubility, a mechanism that allows their elimination, as observed in preclinical models.
Read More
Illustration of dividing breast cancer cell

Estrous cycle alters murine breast cancer response to chemotherapy

Dec. 5, 2024
By Mar de Miguel
In breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces the tumor before surgery. However, the response to this treatment does not depend solely on the subtype of malignancies. Other factors could play a key role in its effectiveness, as shown in a study that described how the estrous cycle phases contribute to this variation. The researchers propose adjusting the approach to the most suitable moment for patients.
Read More
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