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Human cell illustration
Endocrine/metabolic

Cell mapping yields clues to metabolic health in obese individuals

Dec. 18, 2024
By Anette Breindl
Researchers at the University of Leipzig and ETH Zurich have used single-cell sequencing to identify differences between fat tissue of obese individuals who are metabolically unhealthy, and those who were in good metabolic health. The findings, which were published online Dec. 17, 2024, in Cell Metabolism, identify measurements that can be used to decouple obesity from metabolic disease.
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Concept art for blood sugar.

Second insulin receptor offers new therapeutic avenues

Dec. 13, 2024
By Anette Breindl
Investigators at the Helmholtz Institute have shown that inceptor, an inhibitor of the insulin signaling pathway, acted by binding insulin and targeting it for degradation. “Insulin was discovered 100 years ago, and the insulin receptor was discovered 50 years ago,” Heiko Lickert told BioWorld. “Now we have a new insulin receptor, which degrades insulin.” Lickert is the senior author of the paper reporting the new insights into how inceptor works, which were published online in Nature Metabolism.
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Illustration of a T cell
Drug design, drug delivery & technologies

Engineered T cells can serve as organ-specific delivery service

Dec. 11, 2024
By Coia Dulsat
Researchers from the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) have successfully replicated the design of regulatory T cells, achieving local targeted immune suppression and protection from CAR T-cell cytotoxicity. Many of the treatments used so far in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders lead to systemic immunosuppression. In this sense, limiting immunosuppression locally to targeted tissues may help overcome systemic toxicity.
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Illustration of receptor binding site of the A/Texas/37/2024 hemagglutinin Leu226 mutant
Infection

A single mutation in H5N1 is all that’s needed for easier transmissibility

Dec. 10, 2024
By Mar de Miguel
Although it does not generally infect humans, a single mutation of the H5N1 virus in the highly pathogenic avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b could overcome this barrier and possibly trigger a pandemic.
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Illustration of receptor binding site of the A/Texas/37/2024 hemagglutinin Leu226 mutant
Infection

A single mutation in H5N1 is all that’s needed for easier transmissibility

Dec. 9, 2024
By Mar de Miguel
Although it does not generally infect humans, a single mutation of the H5N1 virus in the highly pathogenic avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b could overcome this barrier and possibly trigger a pandemic. Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute have warned of this possibility after studying the three-dimensional structure of the viral hemagglutinin and seeing how a change in one amino acid would make it more suitable for the human cell receptor. The researchers stress the need to monitor new mutations of this virus in order to act quickly in case the global jump to our species occurs.
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Illustration of proteins on neurons in the aging brain

Ketone bodies could clear misfolded proteins in the brain

Dec. 6, 2024
A ketone body, a molecule derived from the metabolism of acids to obtain energy when glucose is not available, could become an effective ally in treating Alzheimer’s or preventing the effects of aging on the brain. A group of scientists at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging have studied the role of β-hydroxybutyrate as a signaling metabolite of misfolded proteins by interacting with them and altering their solubility, a mechanism that allows their elimination, as observed in preclinical models.
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Illustration of dividing breast cancer cell

Estrous cycle alters murine breast cancer response to chemotherapy

Dec. 5, 2024
By Mar de Miguel
In breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces the tumor before surgery. However, the response to this treatment does not depend solely on the subtype of malignancies. Other factors could play a key role in its effectiveness, as shown in a study that described how the estrous cycle phases contribute to this variation. The researchers propose adjusting the approach to the most suitable moment for patients.
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Brain maze
Biomarkers

Biomarker could aid in psychosis diagnosis

Dec. 2, 2024
By Anette Breindl
Researchers at the University of Rochester have described a neuroimaging-based biomarker that could identify individuals with early psychosis, and improved their identification when it was added to a standard neurocognitive diagnostic test. In a group of roughly 160 participants in the Human Connectome Early Psychosis Project, individuals who were in the early stages of psychosis had stronger connections from the thalamus (a midbrain sensory processing area) to the cortex, but weaker connections between different cortical areas, than controls.
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Photo of candle burning at both ends
Endocrine/metabolic

Newly identified signaling pathway affects both ends of energy balance

Nov. 27, 2024
By Anette Breindl
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen have identified a signaling pathway that simultaneously increased energy expenditure and decreased food intake. In both human and primate studies, agonists of the tachykinin NK2 receptor (NK2R) led to both decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure. And in behavioral tests, they were not aversive, suggesting they do not cause the nausea that is a major side effect of GLP-1 agonists.
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D-rendered image showing atlas of human embryonic skeletal development
Drug design, drug delivery & technologies

More than 100M cells included in the human cell atlas

Nov. 26, 2024
By Mar de Miguel
An international consortium of thousands of scientists is creating the Human Cell Atlas, a three-dimensional map of all the cells in the body. The goal is to understand all the cells that make up human tissues, organs and systems, which will enable multiple medical applications. This collection of cell maps is openly available for navigation at single-cell resolution, identified through omics analyses that reveal the tridimensional distribution of each cell.
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