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BioWorld - Sunday, September 24, 2023
Home » Topics » Science

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Illustration of blood supply in the brain
Neurology/Psychiatric

Wound healing chemokine can improve learning and memory in old mice

Aug. 17, 2023
By Subhasree Nag
No Comments
Scientists have discovered that a small chemokine protein released by activated platelets, platelet factor 4 (PF 4), reduced neuroinflammation, and improved cognition in aged mice. The study was published on Aug. 16 in the online edition of Nature.
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Scientific figure illustrating astrocytes and neuron synapse
Neurology/Psychiatric

Glial cells get all-too-rare star turn at biannual meeting

July 13, 2023
By Anette Breindl
No Comments
In brain research, be it basic or clinical, neurons have long hogged the limelight. But at the 2023 European Meeting on Glial Cells in Health and Disease, neurons take a back seat to glia – cell types that have often been described as support cells and treated as an afterthought, but that play critical roles in all aspects of brain function, including information processing.
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Illustration of prescription pill bottle with DNA on the label.

EAN 2023: Even after breakthroughs, gains need defending

July 5, 2023
By Anette Breindl
No Comments
At the 2023 Annual Congress of the European Academy of Neurology, Mary Reilly described the relationship between bench and bedside as “a continuous circle of translation,” with each cycle beginning with patients and their needs.
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AI-generated art of people at a dining table on the beach
Neurology/Psychiatric

EAN 2023: Answer to AI’s big data pitfalls is more data

July 3, 2023
By Anette Breindl
No Comments
Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to entice. On the exhibition floor at the 2023 Congress of the European Academy of Neurology, one company’s booth featured “Mindart” technology. A passersby could answer a short series of prompts, and get a unique image based on the input made by generative AI. Entertainment aside, medically speaking, AI applications “are still research,” Riccardo Soffietti told his audience at one of several sessions devoted to AI. “But obviously, research is the future.”
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Day 4 embryoid showing an inner epiblast-like domain that has apico-basal polarity
Drug Design, Drug Delivery & Technologies

New human embryonic models bring hope for insights, but also lots of brouhaha

June 28, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
No Comments
The development of an embryo in its early stages involves a series of processes in which cells interact and organize to form tissues. In humans, these stages are studied with animal models, stem cells and cell aggregates that mimic natural development phases, or with human embryos, depending on their availability and a strict protocol. Now, in back-to-back papers published online in Nature, scientists from Yale University and the University of Cambridge have two new embryonic models formed from human stem cells to study development after embryo implantation in the uterus.
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Y chromosomes and DNA
Cancer

Studies give new insights into role of Y chromosome and its denizens in cancer progression

June 22, 2023
By Anette Breindl
No Comments
Back-to-back papers in the June 22, 2023, issue of Nature have identified separate molecular mechanisms underlying sex-specific cancer outcomes. Researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center showed that increased expression of the epigenetic enzyme KDM5D, which is located on the Y chromosome, contributed to cancer progression in KRAS-mutated tumors. In the same issue of Nature, a team from Cedars-Sinai reported new insights into the consequences of losing the entire Y chromosome.
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Sickle cell illustration
Hematologic

EHA 2023: Gene therapy for SCD is ‘potentially’ universal in some ways, but not others

June 12, 2023
By Anette Breindl
No Comments
Barring truly major surprises, exagamglogene autotemcel (Exa-cel, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc.) is on track to become the first approved CRISPR-based gene editing therapy. It is partly in expectation of Exa-cel’s approval that the European Hematology Association (EHA) and the European Society for Bone Marrow Transplantation hosted a session on “transplantation versus gene therapy in sickle cell disease.”
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The DNA double helix overlays a field of ACGTs and binary numbers.
Genetic/Congenital

Gene editing advances progress, by moving three steps forward and two steps back

May 19, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
No Comments
The discovery of DNA was a milestone in the history of science that led to a breakthrough in biomedical research. By associating disease and genetics, genome correction techniques were ultimately developed that are supposed to work in the same way that antibiotics and antivirals block pathogenic microorganisms: by directly attacking the causes of disease.
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Illustration of pancreas
Endocrine/Metabolic

Gene therapy to reverse T2D shows proof of concept at ASGCT

May 18, 2023
By Mar de Miguel
No Comments
The most ambitious objective of any treatment is to eradicate the disease, acting on its origin to cure it instead of treating its symptoms. This is the purpose of the gene therapy against type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity that Fractyl Health Inc. is developing. Scientists from the Lexington, Mass.-based company have designed a strategy based on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to transform pancreatic cells and reverse the disease.
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PET imaging of RELN-COLBOS (H3447R) carrier brain showing limited aggregation of tau
Neurology/Psychiatric

Reelin’ in druggable protective pathways with second Alzheimer’s ‘escapee’

May 15, 2023
By Anette Breindl
No Comments
Investigators have identified a second individual who remained cognitively normal into his late 60s despite having the PSEN1 E280A mutation, which causes a familial version of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The likely source of protection, a mutation in a gene called Reelin, is distinct from the protective mechanism identified in the first case of an individual who was protected from the effects of PSEN1 E280A. That case was reported in 2019.
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