Human rhinoviruses (hRVs) are associated with upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold, otitis media or sinusitis. In immunocompromised individuals or older people, hRVs can exacerbate existing pulmonary conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
“There are hundreds of strains of bird flu, and most of them don’t infect humans, or even mammals,” Stephen Cusack told BioWorld. “There are two main reasons for that.” To be able to cause an infection, a virus “has to be able to get into the cell, and for that it needs a receptor,” Cusack said. For influenza viruses, those receptors are hemagglutinin receptors, and they differ in subtle but important ways between birds and mammals.
Following the World Health Organization’s escalation of mpox to a public health emergency of international concern on Aug. 14 and the emergence of what appears to be a more severe strain of the orthopoxvirus, the spotlight has focused on a handful of companies working on vaccines and antivirals. Shares of Geovax Labs Inc., Emergent Biosolutions Inc. and Tonix Pharmaceuticals Inc. were all trading up Aug. 19.
Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. is advancing development of its live attenuated virus vaccine, TNX-801 (recombinant horsepox virus), for preventing mpox and other infectious diseases.
As mpox has now been found in the EU, the race for an effective vaccine has accelerated, with a study failure but increased vaccine production from Europe. The U.S. NIH just released top-line results from a preliminary analysis of a placebo-controlled study of Siga Technologies Inc.’s antiviral, tecovirimat, showing it missed the primary endpoint of statistically significant improvement within 28 days post-randomization in time to lesion resolution for patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Scientists from Shanghai Aryl Pharmtech Co. Ltd. and Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. have identified UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (LpxC) (bacterial) inhibitors reported to be useful for the treatment gram-negative bacterial infections.
Infection or cure? Scientists from Tel Aviv University and the University of Glasgow genetically modified the Toxoplasma gondii to bring a protein inside neurons. The novelty of using a protozoan that can travel from the gut to parasitize the CNS contrasts with the possibility of causing a disease. The scientists are already working on how to avoid it.
Piplartine, also called piperlongumine, had protective effects against hearing loss induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics in zebrafish and mouse models of kanamycin-induced hair cell loss. Kanamycin is a member of the aminoglycosides, a group of antibiotics that have broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains.
A strategy inspired by deficient HIV replication could be used as a treatment to reduce viral load in patients living with HIV and help control the pandemic of the retrovirus. Scientists from the University of California San Francisco want to use HIV against itself by using a parasitic version of the pathogen.
Concerns of lower-than-expected efficacy, which prompted AN2 Therapeutics Inc. to pause enrollment in the phase III portion of the phase II/III trial earlier this year, turned out to be well-founded, as top-line data proved disappointing for epetraborole in treatment-refractory Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease. As a result, the company is dropping the program and restructuring.
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