Cytokines are potent immunomodulators with the potential to amplify cell-based immunity against cancer development. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) generates antitumor immunity by inducing B-cell activation and driving the development of antitumor T-cell response. The use of IL-21 in cancer treatment so far is limited due to inadequate pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity issues.
Researchers from Dong Wha Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. presented preclinical evaluation of a newly discovered histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH1/2 dual inhibitor, DW-91170, being developed for the treatment of lymphoma.
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway comprises four JAK kinases and seven STAT transcription factors. Among the latter, STAT3 is the best-known oncogene and its essential role in normal tissue makes its complete blockage useless for treatment due to severe side effects.
Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. has described C-C chemokine receptor type 6 (CCR6) antagonists reported to be useful for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disease and inflammatory disorders.
Researchers at China Welfare Institute International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital and East China University of Science & Technology have divulged azaphenothiazine derivatives reported to be useful for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Previous studies have shown that ovarian cancer (OC) has strong tumor heterogeneity, resulting in high recurrence and metastasis rates. In recently published work, researchers from Capital Medical University (CMU) applied single-cell transcriptomics to identify metastasis-associated cell clusters and key genes involved in OC metastasis.
Macrophages are specialized immune cells that can either stimulate or inhibit inflammation. Studies in mice suggest that phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ), a key mediator in macrophage signaling pathways predominantly expressed in myeloid cells, may promote immune suppression both in inflammation and in the tumor microenvironment.
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