The success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a modern miracle, turning HIV – for those who have access to treatment, at least – from a death sentence into a chronic illness.

Chinese researchers have reported the creation of two generations of transgenic macaque monkeys bearing a gene duplication of the MeCP2 gene. In humans, MeCP2 duplication syndrome is a childhood neurological disorder that is part of the autism spectrum, and the monkeys showed some of the behavioral symptoms that are typical of MeCP2 duplication syndrome, though they lacked the cognitive symptoms that are a prominent feature of the disorder in humans.

Macrophages are able to retain a youthful ability to divide by accessing the same gene expression networks as embryonic stem (ES) cells, researchers from the German Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine and the French Centre d’Immunologie have discovered.

Treating mouse models of Alzheimer's disease with an antibody that blocks PD-1, the same molecule targeted by Merck & Co Inc.'s Keytruda (pembrolizumab), helped them clear amyloid plaque and improved their cognitive performance, scientists from the Israeli Weizmann Institute of Science reported in the Jan. 18, 2016, issue of Nature Medicine.

By looking at genetic information from more than half a million individuals, researchers have gained new insights into the clinical risk associated with dozens of different mutations in the prion protein gene.

T cells can see Mycobacterium tuberculosis. But not terribly well. And researchers from New York University School of Medicine have identified one reason why.

Detailed data from two phase IIb trials of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) blocker mavoglurant (AFQ056, Novartis AG) for the treatment of Fragile X syndrome were published in Science Translational Medicine this week.

The enzyme kynurenine mono-oxygenase (KMO), which metabolizes tryptophan, plays an important role in the progression from acute pancreatic inflammation to multiple organ failure in animal models, researchers from the British University of Edinburgh reported in the Jan. 11, 2016, advance online issue of Nature Medicine.

In findings that illustrate the gap between risk variants and clinical disease, scientists from Vanderbilt University have reported that in an unselected population, the carriers of two gene variants that are considered potentially pathogenic for heart disease had neither a higher incidence of arrhythmia nor longer QT intervals than those without such variants.