Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy has shown success in the treatment of liver cancer and may reverse immune tolerance in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Aligos Therapeutics Inc. has presented preclinical data on the characterization of ALG-093940, a small molecule PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor that induces PD-L1 dimerization and degradation.

At the ongoing European Association for the Study of the Liver 2026 annual meeting in Barcelona, researchers from Oricell Therapeutics Co. Ltd. presented data on a CAR T-cell approach targeting glypican 3 (GPC3) – OriC-902 – for the treatment of GPC3+ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

With a historic WHO resolution adopted this week giving countries, for the first time, a mandate to address liver disease affecting 1.5 billion people worldwide, this momentum is strongly reflected at the ongoing European Association for the Study of the Liver 2026 congress in Barcelona. The mandate positions liver disease alongside cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes as a core global health priority.

X-linked Alport syndrome is an inherited kidney disease caused by pathogenic mutations in the COL4A5 gene. Patients develop hematuria, proteinuria and kidney function decline leading to end-stage renal disease. Nionyx Bio Inc. has developed ONYX-101, a novel kidney-targeting therapeutic designed to ensure durable COL4A5 restoration through dual-vector AAV delivery using NYX capsids that were optimized for kidney targeting.

Kolon Life Science Inc. is developing KLS-3021, a next-generation oncolytic vaccinia virus designed to express the PH20, IL-12 and PD-1-Fc transgenes to mediate receptor-independent tumor cell killing and enhance antitumor immune responses.

Cell therapy based on fibroblasts has shown promise in the treatment of psoriasis due to immune modulation capability and strong expansion when cultured. Work at Fibrobiologics Inc. has focused on the impact of culture format and donors of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) on the therapeutic efficacy and immune responses in murine models of psoriasis.

Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disease tied to the X chromosome and caused by pathogenic variants in the GLA gene encoding galactosidase A. It is characterized by progressive accumulation of galactosidase A substrates, including Gb3 and lyso-Gb3, mainly in the kidney, heart and nervous system.

AAV-based therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have shown efficacy, but have limitations such as poor delivery to target tissues and toxicity associated with the vector. Gemma Biotherapeutics Inc. has developed a gene therapy candidate, GB-703, which uses a new myotropic, integrin-binding AAV capsid containing a codon-optimized, deimmunized hybrid payload.

Defects in antigen presentation lead to resistance to cancer immunotherapy, where type I conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are crucial drivers of antitumor immunity and their presence is tied to favorable responses and better outcomes. Intratumoral delivery of adenoviral vector, Ad5-PIB, encoding PU.1, IRF8 and BATF3 reprograms tumor cells into cDC1-like antigen-presenting cells and has shown synergy with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy at exerting antitumor immunity. Asgard Therapeutics AB has developed AT-108, a lead candidate developed for durable efficacy.

Umoja Biopharma Inc. performed preclinical studies to evaluate the antitumor activity of UB-VV500, an off-the-shell lentiviral vector CAR T-cell product. It is based on its Vivovec technology and designed to engineer fully human anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)/G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) dual-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, for the potential treatment of multiple myeloma (MM).