Generative AI has largely escaped the U.S. FDA’s regulatory purview up to now, but OpenAI seems poised to create a new source of regulatory angst for the agency. The company unveiled its ChatGPT Health Jan. 7, a large language model that when used professionally could land the company in the FDA’s regulatory crosshairs.

It doesn’t take a meteorologist to see the storm clouds of uncertainty that will continue to roll in on health care across the globe this year. While the prospects for the medical device industry may be sunnier than for other aspects of health care, some high pressure areas likely will present challenges.

Software as a service has typically been less susceptible to liability than products, but that may soon come to an end if the AI LEAD Act, sponsored by a bipartisan pair of members of the Senate, gains sufficient traction.

The U.S. FDA’s final rule for regulation of lab-developed tests was destined to be controversial at best and exceptionally susceptible to legal challenge according to more than one legal opinion. The inevitable legal challenge succeeded wildly in a decision rendered in district court in March 2025, marking one of the rare instances in which the courts thwarted FDA rulemaking and thus is easily the regulatory story of the year for 2025. Attempts to regulate AI in the U.S. and Europe also dominated the regulatory landscape.

Crescom Co. Ltd., an AI musculoskeletal imaging company, gained U.S. FDA 510(k) clearance Dec. 24 for MediAI-BA, its AI-powered pediatric and adolescent bone age analysis software. Classified as a class II medical device, MediAI-BA evaluates bone age and suggests predicted adult height based on growth plate status assessed by hand and wrist X-ray imaging. Prior clinical trial results demonstrated MediAI-BA had specialist-level accuracy, recording a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 0.39 years.

Ebenbuild GmbH is hoping that its digital twin technology platform that combines AI and physics-based computational models tailored to individual patients will transform respiratory care. From drug development to optimizing mechanical ventilation in critical care, the company’s software-based solutions aim to reveal what is happening in the ‘black box’ of the lungs, helping clinicians to improve outcomes and reduce mortality.

Freenome Holdings Inc. reported it is going public via a special purpose acquisition company. The company said it expects to raise $330 million, which it plans to use for the 2026 launch of its blood-based screening tests for multiple cancers. Backed by an affiliate of Perceptive Advisors - Perceptive Capital Solutions Corp. (PCSP) – and joined by RA Capital, the arrangement includes a commitment of $240 million in equity investments plus about $90 million more held by the SPAC’s trust fund. Other notable investors, including ADAR1 Capital, Bain Capital Life Sciences, and Farallon Capital Management have signed on to participate in the deal.

One of the sessions at this year’s Food and Drug Law Institute’s enforcement conference dealt with the use of AI for FDA compliance activities, but the question of AI legislation also arose. The problem with AI legislation, said Nathan Brown of Akin Gump, is how to manage the details of any legislation, which presents enough drag that federally preemptive legislation stands a faint chance of passage anytime soon.

Brainomix Ltd. reported the publication of a prospective real-world study demonstrating that its AI imaging platform, Brainomix 360 Stroke, significantly increased rates of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) treatment, a minimally invasive surgical procedure for patients with large vessel occlusion stroke, and reduced delays in patient triage and transfer.

Kakao Healthcare Corp. plans to secure ₩100 billion (US$68 million) through two investment deals with Cha Biomedical Group and outside investors by early next year. The transactions, expected to close by the first quarter of 2026, will make Cha the controlling shareholder of Kakao Healthcare with a 43.08% stake. Kakao Corp., the parent company, will hold 29.99%, and external investors will own 26.93%.