An international team of researchers has created two bat stem cell lines that reveal an unusual number of viral sequences in bat cells compared with those of other mammals. Writing in an article posted online Feb. 21, 2023, in Cell, the scientists suggested that the unusual amount of viral genetic material found in the bat stem cells could explain why these mammals are largely unaffected by most viral infections, despite being able to transmit them.
The intestinal microbiota could protect against HIV infection. At the 30th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) last week, a group of scientists from Duke University presented data showing a preventive effect of two bacteria from the Lachnospiraceae family, the species Clostridium immunis and Ruminococcus gnavus against HIV. These microorganisms strongly inhibited HIV replication in vitro through the metabolic pathway of tryptophan and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Safety likely will be top of mind when the U.S. FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biologic Products Advisory Committee meets Feb. 28 and March 1 to advise the agency on two respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines proposed for use in adults who are at least 60 years old.
HIV research is a winding road where one obstacle leads to another, slowing down success. The first barrier to getting the cure starts before one can even talk about it. “Cure may be too powerful and promising a term. Remission is probably better,” said John Mellors, whose work led to the universal use of plasma HIV-1 RNA and CD4+ T-cell counts in HIV-1 infection.
“Cure means maintaining an undetectable viral load off antiretroviral treatment. That means you cannot transmit it to people. Within that definition, there are people that have complete eradication of every single virus. And then, you have people that have a low level of virus that are able to keep under control without drugs,” Sharon Lewin told BioWorld. “Remission is maintaining a viral load less than 50 copies per milliliter in the absence of any retroviral. But there is still virus detectable,” she explained. Lewin is the director of The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity in Melbourne, and the president of the International AIDS Society (IAS).
Global Health Drug Discovery Institute (GHDDI) has presented 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro) (SARS-CoV-2) inhibitors reported to be useful for the treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 infections (COVID-19).
Medshine Discovery Inc. has synthesized macrocyclic compounds acting as HIV integrase inhibitors reported to be useful for the treatment of HIV infections.
Researchers from PDS Biotechnology Corp. and affiliated organizations have detailed the development and preclinical evaluation of recombinant protein vaccines formulated with enantio-specific cationic lipid R-DOTAP.
Insilico Medicine Inc. has received IND clearance from China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) for ISM-3312, an orally available 3CLpro inhibitor for the treatment of COVID-19. ISM-3312 has a novel molecular structure and was optimized from compounds designed by Chemistry42, Insilico’s generative chemistry AI platform.
In the larger picture, the fight against HIV has been a triumph of modern medicine. A patient diagnosed with HIV in the 1980s had a remaining life expectancy of 1 to 2 years. In 2023, they can expect to live another half century. But so far, an HIV vaccine has remained elusive. In the newest phase III failure, Janssen Pharmaceutical Cos. of Johnson & Johnson closed down its Mosaico trial more than a year ahead of schedule, following a data and safety monitoring board’s (DSMB) report saying the study was not expected to hit its primary endpoint.
An international team of researchers has created two bat stem cell lines that reveal an unusual number of viral sequences in bat cells compared with those of other mammals. Writing in an article posted online Feb. 21, 2023, in Cell, the scientists suggested that the unusual amount of viral genetic material found in the bat stem cells could explain why these mammals are largely unaffected by most viral infections, despite being able to transmit them.
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