After an all-night negotiating session that concluded after 5 am on Dec. 12, political agreement was finally reached on the long-awaited EU pharmaceutical legislation. The aim of the new rules is to improve patient access and increase the competitiveness of the sector, but for the industry, it was too little too late in terms of the incentives, and potentially damaging in the measures to improve access.

In a threshold event in the U.S., Medicare is planning to break through its obesity coverage barrier with a voluntary test of a model designed to enable Medicare Part D plans and state Medicaid programs to cover GLP-1 drugs prescribed for weight management.

The U.S. FDA’s final rule for regulation of lab-developed tests was destined to be controversial at best and exceptionally susceptible to legal challenge according to more than one legal opinion. The inevitable legal challenge succeeded wildly in a decision rendered in district court in March 2025, marking one of the rare instances in which the courts thwarted FDA rulemaking and thus is easily the regulatory story of the year for 2025. Attempts to regulate AI in the U.S. and Europe also dominated the regulatory landscape.

Crescom Co. Ltd., an AI musculoskeletal imaging company, gained U.S. FDA 510(k) clearance Dec. 24 for MediAI-BA, its AI-powered pediatric and adolescent bone age analysis software. Classified as a class II medical device, MediAI-BA evaluates bone age and suggests predicted adult height based on growth plate status assessed by hand and wrist X-ray imaging. Prior clinical trial results demonstrated MediAI-BA had specialist-level accuracy, recording a mean absolute deviation (MAD) of 0.39 years.

In a letter to the hemophilia community, Pfizer Inc. reported a death due to cerebellar infarction and subsequent cerebral hemorrhage in a long-term extension trial participant taking the New York-based company’s tissue factor pathway inhibitor antagonist Hympavzi (marstacimab).

After being unanimously passed by the U.S. House Dec. 1, the bipartisan Mikaela Naylon Give Kids a Chance Act seemed to be headed for sure passage in the Senate before it adjourned late last week.

Six individuals, including an investment banker, face multiple U.S. charges stemming from an alleged $41 million insider-trading scheme, plus stock manipulation schemes involving biopharma companies. The charges are related to three overlapping securities fraud schemes that occurred between June 2020 and February 2024.

Shionogi & Co. Ltd. will acquire global rights to U.S. FDA approved amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy edaravone through a $2.5 billion acquisition deal with Tanabe Pharma Corp. Under the terms, Tanabe will form a new entity harboring both oral and intravenous (I.V.) infusion formulations of edaravone that are marketed in the U.S. as Radicava ORS and I.V. Radicava.

Needle-phobic obesity patients got their first workaround with the U.S. FDA clearance of Novo Nordisk A/S’ once-daily GLP-1 Wegovy (semaglutide) pill, the first of its kind.

Payers had their hands full in 2025 dealing with the raft of medical technologies that came through the globe’s regulatory review processes, although the nature of many of those challenges were conventional. On the other hand, payers struggled to keep pace with both the volume of conventional devices and the novelty of AI-driven devices in 2025, a problem that will carry over into the coming year.