Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, causing over 600,000 deaths annually despite existing prevention and treatment measures. Current vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against Plasmodium falciparum, such as RTS,S/AS01 and R21, primarily target the central repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) but have shown limited efficacy in completely preventing infection.
It is known that mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), initiated by the transcription factor ATF5, maintains protein homeostasis under stress conditions by folding denatured proteins, folding newly imported proteins into the mitochondria or by degrading damaged proteins.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is an aggressive tumor derived from mature T cells and natural killer cells with an extremely poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a mechanism of cell death that is dependent on iron characterized by reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and unfortunately no treatment without side effects is available. Previous reports have found unbalanced glutamate-glutamine cycle in the medial prefrontal cortex of mice with depression, which led to the interest in glutamine synthetase as a potential therapeutic target for treating MDD, since this enzyme is a regulator of this cycle.
C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2) is a chemokine receptor involved in inflammation activation and is usually expressed in differentiated myeloid cells. CCRL2 is overexpressed in acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) cells compared to healthy cells. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) against CCRL2 in AEL were developed and tested in the preclinical setting.
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) play a crucial role in tumor progression, regulating the stability or functions of specific substrate proteins. USP33 expression is altered in several types of cancer, including ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and glioma.
Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) is commonly used as a screening tool for prostate cancer but presents limited sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, research efforts are focused on searching for novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers.
