Low-grade gliomas with mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) produced and secreted higher levels of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) than other glioma types, which improved their antitumor immune response in animal models.

By cataloging protein-protein interactions in cell lines, and combining their results with in vivo studies as well as publicly available data, scientists have defined new interactions that could be used diagnostically, and/or harnessed, for well-studied cancer drivers and more obscure proteins alike.