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Liver

New target identified for acetaminophen liver injury

June 14, 2021
By John Fox
An international study led by scientists at Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore has identified signaling for the cytokine IL-11 as representing a potential new therapeutic target for acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mouse models.
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Silhouette with AI illustration

Having to explain itself makes for better AI decisions

June 11, 2021
By Anette Breindl
Researchers at the University of Washington reported in the May 31, 2021, issue of Nature Medicine that artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms meant to recognize COVID-19 infections based on chest X-rays picked up on confounders, selecting “shortcuts” such as patient age or positioning in the X-ray as a basis for their predictions.
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Brain teaser

Myelin renewal reverses AD cognitive dysfunction in mice

June 11, 2021
By John Fox
Researchers have demonstrated that enhancing myelin renewal in the brains of transgenic APP/PS1 mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can improve their task-related hippocampal activity.
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Prostate cancer cells

Prostate cancers illustrate equity’s prerequisites at ASCO 2021

June 10, 2021
By Anette Breindl
At the 2021 virtual annual meeting of the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO), results of the VISION trial testing the addition of Novartis AG’s radiopharmaceutical Lutetium-177-PSMA-617 (Lutetium-PSMA) to individualized standard-of-care regimens in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer improved both overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival.
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Prostate cancer cells

At ASCO, radiopharmaceuticals score with lutetium-PSMA

June 10, 2021
By Anette Breindl
At the 2021 virtual annual meeting of the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO), results of the VISION trial testing the addition of Novartis AG's' radiopharmaceutical lutetium-177-PSMA-617 to individualized standard-of-care regimens in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer improved both overall survival and radiographic progression-free survival.
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Cross-section of brain

Stress sensor DJ-1 can heighten or dampen inflammation

June 9, 2021
Investigators at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science have identified the oxidative stress sensor DJ-1 as a previously unknown inflammatory molecule which is released from damaged neurons to activate macrophages in post-stroke neuroinflammation.
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Neurology illustration

Infantile Parkinson’s can give clues to adult kind, but so can LSDs

June 8, 2021
By Anette Breindl and Nuala Moran
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and the role of ?-synuclein accumulation and the subsequent death of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain have long been recognized as key steps in the disease. Progress in understanding genetic risk factors, meanwhile, has uncovered multiple genetic risk factors. Even though aging is the single biggest risk factor for PD, there are versions of the disorder that affect children.
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Microscope and coronavirus illustration

MERS coronavirus study gives insights into zoonotic potential

June 8, 2021
By John Fox
An international study led by virologists at The University of Hong Kong has shown that geographically and genetically distinct Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (MERS-CoV) from Africa have lower replication competence in human and mouse lung than those from the ME.
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Brain and neural networks

New PPARgamma agonist shows promise in neurodegenerative diseases

June 7, 2021
By John Fox
The new peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist leriglitazone (hydroxypioglizatone; Minoryx Therapeutics), has a better profile for treating neurodegenerative diseases, such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), than similar drugs, including pioglitazone (Actos; Takeda).
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DNA

PINK1 and Parkin stabilize mutations in mitochondrial DNA

June 4, 2021
By Tamra Sami
Researchers at the University of Queensland Brain Institute have for the first time shown that a proteotoxic species can increase mitochondrial DNA mutations in neurons.
Read More
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