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Coronavirus and DNA

Host genetics study identified COVID-19 risk factors

July 13, 2021
By Anette Breindl
In infectious disease research, most of the research into genetic determinants of susceptibility to infection and disease severity are focused on the host. For COVID-19, for example, the delta variant’s infectivity, and how likely infection is to lead to severe disease, is the focus of an intense research agenda. But host genetics, too, contribute to the consequences of infections. An ongoing study into the host genetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection has identified 13 such factors that affected either the likelihood of contracting SARS-CoV-2, or the severity of disease, gleaned from the data of 50,000 infected persons and 2 million controls.
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Condensate

Condensate drugs block RSV replication in vivo

July 13, 2021
By John Fox
Targeting viral condensates could be a valuable strategy for developing fast-acting, specifically targeted drugs with a potential broad spectrum of activity against pathogenic viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), by targeting proteins critical for condensate formation, according to an international collaborative study.
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Y chromosomes and DNA

Rare coding variant increases risk of Y chromosome loss, diabetes

July 12, 2021
By Nuala Moran
Scientists have found a rare genetic variant carried by 1 in 3,000 people, which they say has a larger impact on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes than any other genetic defect identified to date.
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Cancer cell and DNA

Study casts further light on cancer immunotherapy

July 9, 2021
By John Fox
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is an immunomodulator that initiates development of an inflammatory milieu in the tumor microenvironment, where TCTP regulates high myeloid-derived suppressor cell activity, researchers have reported.
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Coronavirus and DNA

Host genetics study identified COVID-19 risk factors

July 8, 2021
By Anette Breindl
In infectious disease research, most of the research into genetic determinants of susceptibility to infection and disease severity are focused on the host. For COVID-19, for example, the delta variant’s infectivity, and how likely infection is to lead to severe disease, is the focus of an intense research agenda. But host genetics, too, contribute to the consequences of infections. An ongoing study into the host genetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection has identified 13 such factors that affected either the likelihood of contracting SARS-CoV-2, or the severity of disease, gleaned from the data of 50,000 infected persons and 2 million controls.
Read More
Astrocytes

To close or not to close: Astrocytes influence brain plasticity by controlling critical period

July 8, 2021
By Subhasree Nag
Brain plasticity has been postulated to be mainly mediated by neurons. Now, investigators led by Nathalie Rouach at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, College De France have demonstrated the role of astrocytes in mediating brain plasticity.
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Neurons

Studies report on developmental, adult neurogenesis

July 7, 2021
By Anette Breindl
Separate research groups have reported new insights into the process of neurogenesis during development and adulthood, respectively. Their papers appeared in the July 6, 2021, online issue of Cell Reports.
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HIV-infected T cells

HIV rebound biomarkers give insights into controllers and, unexpectedly, comorbidities

July 6, 2021
By Anette Breindl
Investigators at the Wistar Institute have identified biomarkers that could discriminate HIV-infected post-treatment controllers, that is, HIV-infected individuals who do not experience viral rebound after analytical treatment interruption.
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Tape measure wrapped around feet on scale

Exome study identifies new genetic influences on weight

July 2, 2021
By Anette Breindl
An exome sequencing study of more than 600,000 individuals of European and mixed American ancestry has identified more than a dozen genes, including five brain-expressed G protein-coupled receptors, that were associated with body mass index.
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Immune macrophage
Use it to lose it

Fat-resident macrophages are metabolic decision-makers

July 1, 2021
By Anette Breindl
Researchers have identified an evolutionarily conserved metabolic role for tissue-resident macrophages, they reported in the July 2, 2021, issue of Science. In a commentary published alongside the paper, Conan O’Brien and Ana Domingos from the University of Oxford asserted that the work “introduces a new, macrophage-centered paradigm in… energy storage.”
Read More
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