In a recent study, investigators led by Tony Tiganis at Monash University, Australia have identified that upregulation of the enzyme NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) boosted levels of reactive oxygen species and protected development of insulin resistance in both aged as well as obese mice.

Investigators at the University of Freiburg and Swiss startup Ultimate Medicine have identified a compound produced by the gut microbiome as contributing to age-related cognitive decline by modulating inhibitory synaptic transmission and neural network activity.

Combining the metabolites glutamine or inosine with ampicillin (AMP) could represent a new therapeutic approach to antimicrobial resistance that also avoids the development of acquired resistance to next-generation antibiotics, according to a new Chinese study led by scientists at Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU) in Guangzhou.

It is acknowledged that the huge bias toward individuals of European ancestry means studies of the contribution of genetics to disease may not translate well to other ethnicities. That point is underlined in the first large-scale investigation of the population structure and demographic history of British Pakistanis, which shows an increased number and length of regions of homozygosity inherited from a common ancestor, and greatly elevated identity by descent, compared to the population at large.

Researchers at PTC Biotherapeutics Inc. have identified orally available small-molecule compounds that broadly lowered the levels of mutant huntingtin protein in both the brain and the periphery by affecting its splicing. One of those compounds, PTC-518, is currently in phase I trials as a therapy for Huntington's disease.

It is acknowledged that the huge bias toward individuals of European ancestry means studies of the contribution of genetics to disease may not translate well to other ethnicities. That point is underlined in the first large-scale investigation of the population structure and demographic history of British Pakistanis, which shows an increased number and length of regions of homozygosity inherited from a common ancestor, and greatly elevated identity by descent, compared to the population at large.

LONDON – A suite of papers rushed through peer review and published in Nature late on Dec. 23, 2021 contain data indicating approved monoclonal antibody drugs designed to neutralize SARS-COV-2 have substantially weaker activity against the Omicron variant.

An international study led by scientists at the University of Exeter in the U.K. suggests how to combine antibiotic and bacteriophage therapy optimally, in order to reduce antibiotic use and potentially prevent multidrug resistance in bacteria.

Intracranial aneurysms, outwards bulges ballooning out of an artery, are surprisingly common in middle age, with an estimated prevalence of 2% in the general population. While only a small fraction of these common aneurysms actually go on to rupture, one-fourth of these ruptured aneurysms will lead to sudden death before hospitalization.

Attempts to modernize the conceptual framework of brain function and dysfunction are one prerequisite for brain disorders to benefit from precision medicine. For the circuit-based insights that are slowly emerging to benefit patients, though, better targeting methods are needed.